Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae (pronounced: strep-toe-cock-us a-ga-lac-tee-ay), also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a type of bacteria that can cause various infections in humans and animals. The name "agalactiae" is derived from the Greek words "a-" (without) and "galaktos" (milk), referring to the bacterium's ability to cause mastitis in cows, leading to a decrease in milk production.

Classification

Streptococcus agalactiae is a member of the genus Streptococcus, a group of Gram-positive bacteria characterized by their spherical shape and their tendency to form chains or pairs. It belongs to the Lancefield group B of streptococci, hence the name Group B Streptococcus.

Pathogenesis

Streptococcus agalactiae is a common colonizer of the human gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract. However, it can cause serious infections, especially in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with underlying medical conditions. Infections caused by this bacterium include sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Streptococcus agalactiae infection is typically made through culture of a sample from the site of infection. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, with penicillin being the drug of choice.

Prevention

Prevention of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in newborns is achieved through screening pregnant women for GBS colonization and administering antibiotics during labor if the test is positive.

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Streptococcus agalactiae