Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans (pronounced: strep-toe-cock-us mew-tanz) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the human oral cavity. It is a significant contributor to tooth decay, also known as dental caries.
Etymology
The name Streptococcus mutans comes from the Greek streptos, meaning twisted, and kokkos, meaning granule. The species name mutans, derived from Latin, means changing or mutating, referring to the bacterium's ability to convert sugar into a sticky substance that adheres to teeth.
Characteristics
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is able to metabolize various types of sugars, producing lactic acid as a byproduct. This acid production is what leads to the demineralization of tooth enamel, resulting in tooth decay.
Role in Dental Caries
Streptococcus mutans plays a major role in the development of dental caries due to its ability to adhere to the surface of teeth and produce acid. The bacterium utilizes dietary sugars to produce a sticky substance known as dextran-based biofilm, which allows it to firmly attach to the tooth surface. The production of lactic acid from the metabolism of sugars leads to a decrease in pH in the mouth, resulting in the demineralization of tooth enamel and the development of caries.
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention of dental caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, and limiting the intake of sugary foods and drinks. Treatment of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans involves the removal of the decayed tooth material and filling the cavity. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to control the bacterial infection.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Streptococcus mutans
- Wikipedia's article - Streptococcus mutans
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