Neonatal diabetes mellitus

Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of diabetes that occurs within the first six months of a newborn's life. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency.

Pronunciation

Neonatal: /ˌniːəˈneɪtəl/ Diabetes: /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ Mellitus: /məˈlaɪtəs/

Etymology

The term "Neonatal" is derived from the Greek words 'neos' meaning new, and 'natal' meaning birth. "Diabetes" is derived from the Greek word 'diabainein' that means 'to pass through,' referring to the excessive urination associated with the condition. "Mellitus" is a Latin word that means 'sweetened with honey,' referring to the presence of sugar in the urine and blood of people with this condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of NDM may include frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), dehydration, and failure to thrive.

Causes

NDM is caused by mutations in genes that regulate the development and function of beta cells in the pancreas, which produce insulin. These mutations can be inherited or can occur spontaneously.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of NDM is based on the detection of hyperglycemia in the first six months of life, in the absence of other causes such as infection or stress. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of NDM involves lifelong insulin therapy and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Related Terms

• Diabetes
• Hyperglycemia
• Insulin
• Beta cells
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Neonatal diabetes mellitus
• Wikipedia's article - Neonatal diabetes mellitus

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