Congenital malformation

Congenital Malformation

Congenital malformation (pronunciation: /kənˈdʒɛnɪtəl ˌmæl.fɔːˈmeɪ.ʃən/) is a physical defect present in a baby at birth that can involve many different parts of the body, including the brain, heart, lungs, liver, bones, and intestinal tract. Congenital malformation can be genetic, it can occur at random, or it can be caused by certain environmental factors.

Etymology

The term "congenital" is derived from the Latin word "congenitus," which means "born with." The term "malformation" is derived from the Latin word "malformatio," which means "badly formed."

Related Terms

Genetic Disorder: A disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's genetic material.
Birth Defect: A physical or biochemical abnormality that is present at birth and that may be inherited or the result of environmental influence.
Teratogen: Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus.
Prenatal Diagnosis: The testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born.

Types of Congenital Malformations

There are many different types of congenital malformations, including:

Neural Tube Defects: These involve the improper formation of the brain and spinal cord and include conditions such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
Congenital Heart Defects: These are problems with the structure of the heart that are present at birth, such as a hole in the heart or a missing or improperly formed valve or vessel.
Cleft Lip or Palate: This is a split in the lip or roof of the mouth that occurs when these structures do not form properly during early fetal development.
Clubfoot: This is a birth defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward.

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Congenital malformation