Antineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic Agents
Antineoplastic agents (pronunciation: an-tee-neo-plas-tic agents) are a group of pharmaceutical drugs used primarily in oncology to combat cancer. The term "antineoplastic" is derived from the Greek words "anti" meaning against, and "neoplasia" meaning new growth.
Definition
Antineoplastic agents are substances that inhibit the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. They are used to treat various types of cancer by interfering with the cell's ability to grow or reproduce. These agents can be derived from natural sources or synthesized in a laboratory.
Classification
Antineoplastic agents can be classified into several categories, including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic inhibitors. Each class of drugs works in a different way to stop the growth of cancer cells.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of antineoplastic agents varies depending on the specific drug. However, most work by interfering with the DNA or RNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Some antineoplastic agents work by damaging the DNA of cancer cells directly, while others inhibit the synthesis of new DNA or RNA.
Side Effects
Like all drugs, antineoplastic agents can cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. More serious side effects can include anemia, infection, and damage to the heart or lungs.
Related Terms
- Chemotherapy: A type of cancer treatment that uses one or more antineoplastic agents to kill cancer cells.
- Cytotoxic drugs: A class of drugs that includes many antineoplastic agents. These drugs are toxic to cells, particularly cancer cells.
- Oncology: The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Antineoplastic agents
- Wikipedia's article - Antineoplastic agents
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