Glycated hemoglobin
(Redirected from A1C)
Glycated hemoglobin (commonly referred to as HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar, usually glucose. This process, known as glycation, occurs when glucose in the bloodstream attaches to the hemoglobin molecule non-enzymatically, i.e., spontaneously without the help of an enzyme[1].
Biochemical Basis
Monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, and fructose can spontaneously bond with hemoglobin when present in the bloodstream. However, glucose is less likely to do so than galactose and fructose, which may explain why glucose is used as the primary metabolic fuel in humans[2].
Clinical Significance
The percentage of glycated hemoglobin in an individual's blood is directly proportional to the average blood glucose concentration over the previous three months, which is the lifespan of a red blood cell. Therefore, HbA1c is a useful long-term marker of blood glucose control and is used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in the management of diabetes mellitus[3].
Testing and Interpretation
HbA1c levels are typically measured by blood tests conducted in a clinical laboratory. An HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes. A result between 5.7% and 6.4% is considered prediabetes[4].
See Also
References
- ↑ Brownlee, M, The pathobiology of diabetic complications: A unifying mechanism, Diabetes, 2005, Vol. 54(Issue: 6), pp. 1615–1625, Full text,
- ↑ {{{last}}}, Varki, A., Cummings, R.D., Esko, J.D., et al., Essentials of Glycobiology. online version, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2017,
- ↑ Bode, B.W., et al., Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose (BG) equivalents, Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2010, Vol. 12(Issue: 6), pp. 399–418, Full text,
- ↑ A1C test(link). {{{website}}}. Mayo Clinic.
 | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
| Diabetes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Transform your life with W8MD's budget GLP-1 injections from $125.
W8MD offers a medical weight loss program to lose weight in Philadelphia. Our physician-supervised medical weight loss provides:
- Most insurances accepted or discounted self-pay rates. We will obtain insurance prior authorizations if needed.
- Generic GLP1 weight loss injections from $125 for the starting dose.
- Also offer prescription weight loss medications including Phentermine, Qsymia, Diethylpropion, Contrave etc.
NYC weight loss doctor appointments
Start your NYC weight loss journey today at our NYC medical weight loss and Philadelphia medical weight loss clinics.
- Call 718-946-5500 to lose weight in NYC or for medical weight loss in Philadelphia 215-676-2334.
- Tags:NYC medical weight loss, Philadelphia lose weight Zepbound NYC, Budget GLP1 weight loss injections, Wegovy Philadelphia, Wegovy NYC, Philadelphia medical weight loss, Brookly weight loss and Wegovy NYC
|
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
| Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates, categories Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
