Sugar
Sugar
Sugar (/ˈʃʊɡər/) is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. The various types of sugar are derived from different sources. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. The table or granulated sugar most customarily used as food is sucrose, a disaccharide. Other disaccharides include maltose and lactose.
Etymology
The etymology of the word "sugar" is thought to be from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel". It came to English by way of the Old French sucre.
Types of Sugar
- Monosaccharides - Simple sugars, the most important being glucose.
- Disaccharides - Double sugars, including sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
- Polysaccharides - Complex sugars, such as starch and cellulose.
Health Effects
Excessive consumption of sugar has been implicated in the onset of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and tooth decay. It is recommended that men limit their intake of added sugars to 37.5 grams (or 9 teaspoons) per day, while women should limit their intake to 25 grams (or 6 teaspoons) per day.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sugar
- Wikipedia's article - Sugar
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