Azoospermia
Pronunciation
Azoospermia is pronounced AY-zoh-oh-SPER-mee-uh)
Definition
Azoospermia is a condition in which there are no sperm in the semen when a man ejaculates.
Causes
This may be because the man does not make sperm or because the sperm is blocked from entering the semen.
Hormonal causes
Azoospermia may be caused by hormone problems also.
Genetic causes
Certain genetic conditions
Vasectomy
History of previous vasectomy or other surgery, or other conditions.
Cancer treatments
Azoospermia may also be caused by certain cancer treatments.
Infertility
Azoospermia can cause infertility or inability to produce children.
Symptoms
Azoospermia usually presents with infertility, sometimes with reduced or loss of libido.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is through history, physical examination, semen analysis, and imaging studies as needed. Check for history of hormone/steroid therapy, antibiotics, 5-ASA inhibitors (sulfasalazine), alpha-blockers, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, pesticides, recreational drugs (marijuana, excessive alcohol), and heat exposure of the testes, prior surgeries, or trauma etc.
Treatment
Some conditions are treatable such as pre and post testicular azoospermia while testicular azoospermia is usually permanent.
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