Spermatocele

Spermatocele is a harmless cyst containing fluid and sperm that occurs in the tube through which sperm travel from the testicles

Spermatocele

Introduction

Spermatoceles are benign cystic dilations of the epididymal duct (three or more times the diameter of the normal duct), which may be lined by hypertrophic or normal epithelium.

Pathophysiology

Spermatoceles are most commonly seen in the initial segment or the caput region of the mouse epididymis and are filled with varying amounts of sperm. Focal areas of mineralization are present within this spermatocele.

Spermatoceles generally occur as background, incidental lesions but have been reported in association with exposure to some chemicals. They are distinguished from sperm granuloma by the absence of an inflammatory response.

Spermatoceles are benign in nature and are non-cancerous.

Causes

While the exact cause is unknown, certain risk factors include trauma or surgery.

Symptoms

Most patients with spermatocele may notice a painless swelling of the testicles or be asymptomatic. Most patients have nofertility issues with it.

Diagnosis

Physical examination and some tests such as ultrasound of the testicles

Tests

Ultrasound of the testicles

Treatment

Asymptomatic patients, especially for smaller spermatoceles, do not need to be treated. Those that are symptomatic or have larger lesions may benefit from surgical removal through a procedure called spermatocelectomy.

Complications

Complications are rare.

ICD codes

• ICD 10: N43.4 - N43.4

• ICD 9: 6081 - 608.1

See also

• hydrocele
• orchitis
• rete tubular ectasia
• testicular torsion
• tumor
• varicocele