Cold sore

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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Cold sore
Synonyms	Fever blister, oral herpes, herpes labialis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Blisters, itching, pain, tingling
Complications	Herpetic whitlow, herpes simplex encephalitis, herpes simplex keratitis
Onset	2–12 days after exposure
Duration	7–10 days
Types	N/A
Causes	Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, sometimes HSV-2)
Risks	Stress, fatigue, sunburn, fever, menstruation
Diagnosis	Physical examination, viral culture, PCR
Differential diagnosis	Aphthous stomatitis, impetigo, angular cheilitis
Prevention	Avoiding triggers, sunscreen, antiviral medication
Treatment	Antiviral drugs (e.g., acyclovir, valacyclovir)
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Rare

Herpes Labialis

Cold sore (also known as herpes labialis) is a type of infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Cold sores are most commonly caused by HSV-1.

Causes

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus. Most cold sores are caused by the HSV-1 strain, although the HSV-2 strain, typically associated with genital herpes, can also cause them. The virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with the sores or even with the saliva of an infected person.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of a cold sore is a painful blister on the lip or around the mouth. Before the blister appears, the person may experience tingling, itching, or burning in the area. The blister will eventually break, leak a clear fluid, and then crust over. Cold sores typically heal within two weeks without leaving a scar.

Treatment

While there is no cure for the herpes simplex virus, there are treatments available to manage the symptoms of a cold sore. Antiviral medication can help to speed up the healing process, reduce the frequency of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmitting the virus to others. Over-the-counter treatments can also help to alleviate the pain and discomfort associated with cold sores.

Prevention

Prevention methods for cold sores include avoiding direct contact with the sores or saliva of an infected person, not sharing personal items like toothbrushes or lip balm, and using a lip balm with sun protection factor (SPF) to protect the lips from the sun, as exposure to sunlight can trigger an outbreak.

See also

• Herpes simplex
• Herpes simplex virus
• Antiviral medication

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