Pyogenic liver abscess

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Pyogenic liver abscess
Pyogenic liver abscess
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, vomiting
Complications	Sepsis, rupture, peritonitis
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection (commonly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus)
Risks	Diabetes mellitus, biliary tract disease, liver cirrhosis, immunosuppression
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, CT scan, blood culture, liver function tests
Differential diagnosis	Amoebic liver abscess, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cyst
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, surgical drainage
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on timely diagnosis and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

A pyogenic liver abscess is a pus-filled cavity in the liver caused by a bacterial infection. It is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.

Etiology

Pyogenic liver abscesses are most commonly caused by bacterial infections. The bacteria can reach the liver through the biliary tract, the portal vein, or by direct extension from a nearby infection. Common pathogens include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Pathophysiology

The formation of a pyogenic liver abscess begins with the invasion of bacteria into the liver tissue. This invasion leads to an inflammatory response, resulting in the accumulation of pus and the formation of an abscess. The abscess can cause significant damage to liver tissue and impair liver function.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with a pyogenic liver abscess may present with a variety of symptoms, including:

• Fever
• Chills
• Abdominal pain, particularly in the right upper quadrant
• Jaundice
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weight loss

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a pyogenic liver abscess is typically made using imaging studies. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to visualize the abscess. Blood tests may show elevated white blood cell count and liver function tests.

Treatment

Treatment of a pyogenic liver abscess involves:

• Antibiotic therapy to target the causative bacteria
• Percutaneous drainage of the abscess under imaging guidance
• In some cases, surgical drainage may be necessary

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for patients with a pyogenic liver abscess is generally good. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications, including sepsis and death.

See also

• Liver abscess
• Biliary tract infection
• Sepsis