Vitamin K reaction: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
{{SI}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Vitamin K reaction
| name            = Vitamin K reaction
| synonyms        =
| image          = [[File:Phytomenadione_(vitamin_K1).jpg|250px]]
| image          =  
| caption        = Chemical structure of [[Phytomenadione]] (Vitamin K1)
| caption        =  
| field          = [[Hematology]]
| pronounce      =
| symptoms        = [[Bleeding]], [[bruising]], [[hemorrhage]]
| field          = dermatology
| complications  = [[Severe bleeding]], [[anemia]]
| symptoms        =  
| onset          = After [[vitamin K]] administration
| complications  =  
| duration        = Varies
| onset          =  
| causes          = [[Allergic reaction]] to vitamin K
| duration        =  
| risks          = [[Newborns]], individuals with [[liver disease]]
| types          =
| diagnosis      = Clinical evaluation, [[blood test]]s
| causes          =  
| differential    = [[Vitamin K deficiency]], [[coagulopathy]]
| risks          =  
| prevention      = Careful administration of vitamin K
| diagnosis      =  
| treatment      = Discontinuation of vitamin K, [[antihistamines]], [[corticosteroids]]
| differential    =  
| medication      = [[Antihistamines]], [[corticosteroids]]
| prevention      =  
| prognosis      = Good with treatment
| treatment      =  
| frequency      = Rare
| medication      =  
| prognosis      =  
| frequency      =  
| deaths          =
}}
}}
'''Vitamin K reactions''' occur after injection with [[vitamin K]], and there are two patterns of presentation, (1) a reaction may occur several days to 2 weeks after inection with [[skin lesion]]s that are pruritic, red patches and plaques that can deep-seated, involving the [[dermis]] and [[subcutaneous tissue]], or (2) with subcutaneous sclerosis with or without [[fasciitis]], that appears at the site of injection many months after treatment.<ref name="Andrews">James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. {{ISBN|0-7216-2921-0}}.</ref>{{rp|123}}  The latter pseudosclerodermatous reaction has been termed [[Texier's disease]] and lasts several years.<ref name="Andrews" />{{rp|123}}<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P. |author2=Bolognia, Jean L. |author3=Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=319 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>
'''Vitamin K''' refers to a group of fat-soluble vitamins that are essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation and for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. The vitamin K group includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2.
 
== Types of Vitamin K ==
=== Vitamin K1 ===
Vitamin K1, also known as [[phylloquinone]] or [[phytomenadione]], is primarily found in green leafy vegetables. It is involved in photosynthesis and is the main form of vitamin K that is consumed in the diet. Vitamin K1 is directly involved in the carboxylation of certain proteins, which is essential for blood clotting.
=== Vitamin K2 ===
Vitamin K2, or [[menaquinone]], is found in animal products and fermented foods. It is produced by bacteria in the human gut and plays a role in bone metabolism and cardiovascular health. Menaquinones have a longer side chain than phylloquinone, which affects their bioavailability and function in the body.
== Function ==
Vitamin K is crucial for the post-translational modification of certain proteins, required for blood coagulation. It acts as a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on vitamin K-dependent proteins. This modification allows these proteins to bind calcium ions, which is necessary for their biological activity.
== Deficiency ==
Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders due to impaired blood clotting. In severe cases, it can cause hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, a condition characterized by bleeding in various parts of the body. Adults with vitamin K deficiency may experience easy bruising, nosebleeds, and bleeding gums.
== Sources ==
Dietary sources of vitamin K include green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, and broccoli, as well as fish, meat, and dairy products. Fermented foods like natto, a traditional Japanese dish made from fermented soybeans, are particularly high in vitamin K2.
== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[Texier's disease]]
* [[Blood coagulation]]
*[[Skin lesion]]
* [[Calcium metabolism]]
*[[List of cutaneous conditions]]
* [[Fat-soluble vitamins]]
 
* [[Natto]]
==References==
{{Vitamins}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Vitamins]]
 
[[Category:Nutrition]]
== External links ==
[[Category:Blood and blood forming organs]]
{{Medical resources
|  DiseasesDB    = 
|  ICD10          = Y44.3 
|  ICD9          = {{ICD9|E934.3}}
|  ICDO          = 
|  OMIM          = 
|  MedlinePlus    = 
|  eMedicineSubj  = 
|  eMedicineTopic = 
|  MeshID        =
}}
 
{{External causes of morbidity and mortality}}
 
[[Category:Drug eruptions]]
 
 
{{Cutaneous-condition-stub}}
{{stb}}
{{stb}}

Latest revision as of 19:38, 8 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Vitamin K reaction
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Bleeding, bruising, hemorrhage
Complications Severe bleeding, anemia
Onset After vitamin K administration
Duration Varies
Types N/A
Causes Allergic reaction to vitamin K
Risks Newborns, individuals with liver disease
Diagnosis Clinical evaluation, blood tests
Differential diagnosis Vitamin K deficiency, coagulopathy
Prevention Careful administration of vitamin K
Treatment Discontinuation of vitamin K, antihistamines, corticosteroids
Medication Antihistamines, corticosteroids
Prognosis Good with treatment
Frequency Rare
Deaths N/A


Vitamin K refers to a group of fat-soluble vitamins that are essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation and for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. The vitamin K group includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2.

Types of Vitamin K[edit]

Vitamin K1[edit]

Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone or phytomenadione, is primarily found in green leafy vegetables. It is involved in photosynthesis and is the main form of vitamin K that is consumed in the diet. Vitamin K1 is directly involved in the carboxylation of certain proteins, which is essential for blood clotting.

Vitamin K2[edit]

Vitamin K2, or menaquinone, is found in animal products and fermented foods. It is produced by bacteria in the human gut and plays a role in bone metabolism and cardiovascular health. Menaquinones have a longer side chain than phylloquinone, which affects their bioavailability and function in the body.

Function[edit]

Vitamin K is crucial for the post-translational modification of certain proteins, required for blood coagulation. It acts as a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on vitamin K-dependent proteins. This modification allows these proteins to bind calcium ions, which is necessary for their biological activity.

Deficiency[edit]

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders due to impaired blood clotting. In severe cases, it can cause hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, a condition characterized by bleeding in various parts of the body. Adults with vitamin K deficiency may experience easy bruising, nosebleeds, and bleeding gums.

Sources[edit]

Dietary sources of vitamin K include green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, and broccoli, as well as fish, meat, and dairy products. Fermented foods like natto, a traditional Japanese dish made from fermented soybeans, are particularly high in vitamin K2.

See also[edit]

Vitamins (A11)
Fat
soluble
Water
soluble
Combinations
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