Smallpox: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Eradicated viral disease}} | |||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox medical condition (new) | ||
| | | synonyms = variola, variola vera, red plague | ||
| image = | | image = Child with Smallpox Bangladesh.jpg | ||
| caption = | | image_size = 225px | ||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | | caption = A child with smallpox in [[Bangladesh]] in 1973. The bumps filled with thick fluid and a depression or dimple in the center are characteristic. | ||
| symptoms = | | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | ||
| complications = | | symptoms = * '''Early''': Fever, vomiting, mouth sores * '''Later''': Fluid filled [[blisters]] which [[Wound healing#Proliferative phase|scab]] | ||
| duration = | | complications = Scarring of the skin, blindness | ||
| causes = [[ | | onset = 1 to 3 weeks following exposure | ||
| duration = About 4 weeks | |||
| causes = ''variola major virus'', ''[[Alastrim|variola minor virus]]'' (spread between people) | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = Based on symptoms and confirmed by [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] | |||
| differential = [[Chickenpox]], [[impetigo]], [[molluscum contagiosum]], [[mpox]] | |||
| prevention = [[Smallpox vaccine]] | | prevention = [[Smallpox vaccine]] | ||
| treatment = Supportive care | | treatment = [[Supportive care]] | ||
| prognosis = 30% | | medication = [[Brincidofovir]] | ||
| frequency = Eradicated | | prognosis = 30% risk of death | ||
}} | | frequency = [[Eradication of infectious diseases|Eradicated]] (last naturally occurring case in 1977) | ||
| deaths = | |||
|name=|alt=}} | |||
[[File:Smallpox_child.jpg|thumb|Smallpox_child.jpg|left]] [[File:Modified_smallpox2.png|thumb|left|Modified_smallpox2.png]] [[File:Malignant_smallpox_(cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Malignant_smallpox_(cropped).jpg]] [[File:Hemorrhagic_smallpox_2_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Hemorrhagic_smallpox_2_(cropped).jpg|left]] [[File:Smallpox_CAM.png|thumb|Smallpox_CAM.png]] | |||
'''Smallpox''' was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, [[Variola major]] and [[Variola minor]]. The disease was characterized by fever, a distinctive skin rash, and blisters. Smallpox was a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout history until its eradication in 1980. | '''Smallpox''' was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, [[Variola major]] and [[Variola minor]]. The disease was characterized by fever, a distinctive skin rash, and blisters. Smallpox was a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout history until its eradication in 1980. | ||
| Line 42: | Line 49: | ||
* [[Eradication of infectious diseases]] | * [[Eradication of infectious diseases]] | ||
== | {{Medical resources | ||
{{ | | ICD11 = {{ICD11|1E70}} | ||
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|03| |b|00}} | |||
[[Category: | | ICD9 = {{ICD9|050}} | ||
| DiseasesDB = 12219 | |||
| MedlinePlus = 001356 | |||
| eMedicineSubj = emerg | |||
| eMedicineTopic = 885 | |||
| MeshName = Smallpox | |||
| MeshNumber = D012899 | |||
| Scholia = Q12214 | |||
}} | |||
{{Portal bar|Medicine|Viruses}} | |||
{{Viral cutaneous conditions}} | |||
{{Eradication of infectious disease}} | |||
{{History of infectious disease}} | |||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11877169}} | |||
[[Category:Smallpox| ]] | |||
[[Category:Chordopoxvirinae]] | |||
[[Category:Eradicated diseases]] | [[Category:Eradicated diseases]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Biosafety level 4 pathogens]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Vaccine-preventable diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Virus-related cutaneous conditions]] | |||
{{ | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:08, 14 January 2025
Eradicated viral disease
| |
| Synonyms | variola, variola vera, red plague |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Field | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | * Early: Fever, vomiting, mouth sores * Later: Fluid filled blisters which scab |
| Complications | Scarring of the skin, blindness |
| Onset | 1 to 3 weeks following exposure |
| Duration | About 4 weeks |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | variola major virus, variola minor virus (spread between people) |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Based on symptoms and confirmed by PCR |
| Differential diagnosis | Chickenpox, impetigo, molluscum contagiosum, mpox |
| Prevention | Smallpox vaccine |
| Treatment | Supportive care |
| Medication | Brincidofovir |
| Prognosis | 30% risk of death |
| Frequency | Eradicated (last naturally occurring case in 1977) |
| Deaths | |
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Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease was characterized by fever, a distinctive skin rash, and blisters. Smallpox was a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout history until its eradication in 1980.
History[edit]
Smallpox is believed to have emerged in human populations around 10,000 BC. The disease has been responsible for numerous epidemics and has significantly impacted human history. Notable outbreaks include the Antonine Plague in the Roman Empire and the introduction of smallpox to the Americas by European colonizers, which devastated indigenous populations.
Symptoms and Signs[edit]
The initial symptoms of smallpox included high fever, fatigue, and head and body aches. This was followed by the appearance of a rash that progressed to raised blisters filled with fluid. The rash typically started on the face and spread to the limbs and trunk. The blisters would eventually scab over and fall off, often leaving scars.
Transmission[edit]
Smallpox was highly contagious and spread through respiratory droplets during close contact with an infected person. It could also be transmitted through contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing.
Prevention[edit]
The development of the smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner in 1796 was a significant milestone in the fight against the disease. The vaccine used a related virus, cowpox, to confer immunity to smallpox. Widespread vaccination campaigns in the 20th century led to the eventual eradication of the disease.
Eradication[edit]
The World Health Organization (WHO) launched an intensive global smallpox eradication program in 1967. Through coordinated vaccination efforts and surveillance, the last naturally occurring case of smallpox was reported in Somalia in 1977. In 1980, the WHO officially declared smallpox eradicated, making it the first disease to be eradicated by human effort.
Legacy[edit]
The eradication of smallpox has had a profound impact on public health and serves as a model for the control and elimination of other infectious diseases. The success of the smallpox eradication program has inspired similar efforts for diseases such as polio and measles.
See also[edit]
- Variola virus
- Smallpox vaccine
- World Health Organization
- Edward Jenner
- Eradication of infectious diseases
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