Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoids
Synonyms	Haemorrhoids, piles, hemorrhoidal disease
Pronounce
Field	General surgery
Symptoms	Internal: Painless, bright red rectal bleeding External: Pain and swelling around the anus
Complications
Onset	45–65 years of age
Duration	Few days
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Constipation, diarrhea, sitting on the toilet for long periods, pregnancy
Diagnosis	Examination, rule out serious causes
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Increased fiber, drinking fluids, NSAIDs, rest, surgery, hemorrhoidal artery embolization
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency	50–66% at some time
Deaths

Anorectal mucosa with hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoidal artery embolization

Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins located in or around the anus and lower rectum. They can be either internal or external, depending on their location. Hemorrhoids are commonly caused by factors such as childbirth, straining during bowel movements, and constipation.

Classification

Hemorrhoids can be classified into two types based on their location:

• Internal hemorrhoids: These are located inside the rectum and are typically painless. They may cause bleeding during bowel movements.
• External hemorrhoids: These are located around the anus and can cause pain, itching, and discomfort. They may also bleed during bowel movements.

Causes

Several factors can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids, including:

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
• Straining during bowel movements
• Prolonged sitting, particularly on the toilet
• Pregnancy and childbirth
• Obesity
• A low-fiber diet
• Aging

Symptoms

Hemorrhoids can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on their type and severity. Common symptoms include:

• Pain, discomfort, or itching around the anus
• Bleeding during or after bowel movements
• Swelling or a lump near the anus
• Mucus discharge
• Difficulty in cleaning the anal area after bowel movements

Diagnosis

A physician can diagnose hemorrhoids through a medical history and physical examination. The examination may include a visual inspection of the anus and rectum, a digital rectal examination, and potentially an anoscopy or proctoscopy to visualize the inside of the rectum.

Treatment

Treatment for hemorrhoids depends on their severity and the patient's symptoms. Conservative treatments include:

• Over-the-counter creams and ointments
• Sitz baths (warm water soaks)
• Cold compresses
• Oral pain relievers
• Increasing fiber intake and fluid consumption
• Avoiding straining during bowel movements

If conservative treatments do not provide sufficient relief, medical procedures may be necessary, such as:

• Rubber band ligation
• Sclerotherapy
• Infrared coagulation
• Hemorrhoidectomy (surgical removal of hemorrhoids)

Prevention

To prevent hemorrhoids, it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a high-fiber diet, and adequate fluid intake. Avoiding prolonged sitting and straining during bowel movements can also help prevent the development of hemorrhoids.

See Also

• Constipation
• Rectal bleeding
• Anoscopy

External Links

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Hemorrhoids
• Mayo Clinic - Hemorrhoids

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