West Nile encephalitis
West Nile Encephalitis
West Nile Encephalitis (pronounced: west nīl en-sef-uh-lī-tis) is a type of infectious disease caused by the West Nile virus. The term originates from the West Nile district of Uganda where the virus was first isolated in 1937.
Definition
West Nile Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by the West Nile virus. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. While most people infected with the virus do not show symptoms, severe cases can lead to encephalitis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Symptoms
Symptoms of West Nile Encephalitis may include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis. These symptoms typically occur 3 to 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of West Nile Encephalitis is typically made through a combination of clinical symptoms, history of exposure to mosquitoes, and laboratory testing of blood or cerebrospinal fluid. The laboratory tests may include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and serology for West Nile virus antibodies.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for West Nile Encephalitis. Care is supportive, often involving hospitalization, intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and prevention of secondary infections. In severe cases, patients may require intensive care.
Prevention
Prevention of West Nile Encephalitis primarily involves protection against mosquito bites, such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on West Nile encephalitis
- Wikipedia's article - West Nile encephalitis
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