Transfusion reactions
Transfusion Reactions
Transfusion reactions (/trænsˈfjuːʒən riˈækʃənz/), are adverse events that occur during or after the administration of blood products to a recipient. They are a significant concern in transfusion medicine and can range from mild to severe, potentially life-threatening complications.
Etymology
The term "transfusion reaction" is derived from the Latin trans meaning "across" and fusio meaning "pouring", referring to the process of transferring blood or blood components from one individual (the donor) to another (the recipient). The word "reaction" in this context refers to the recipient's immune response to the transfused product.
Types of Transfusion Reactions
Transfusion reactions can be broadly classified into two categories: immediate and delayed.
- Immediate transfusion reactions occur during the transfusion or within 24 hours of the transfusion. They include febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
- Delayed transfusion reactions occur more than 24 hours after the transfusion. They include delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD), and post-transfusion purpura.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of transfusion reactions involves a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory testing, and in some cases, imaging studies. The specific tests and procedures depend on the type of reaction suspected.
Treatment
Treatment of transfusion reactions depends on the type and severity of the reaction. It may involve discontinuing the transfusion, administering medications to manage symptoms, and in severe cases, hospitalization for further management.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for transfusion reactions include careful donor selection, rigorous testing of donated blood, and appropriate patient monitoring during and after the transfusion.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Transfusion reactions
- Wikipedia's article - Transfusion reactions
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