Conversion disorder

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Conversion disorder
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Neurological symptoms such as paralysis, blindness, or seizures without a neurological cause
Complications	N/A
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Psychological stress
Risks	History of mental disorders, stressful life events
Diagnosis	Based on clinical assessment and exclusion of other conditions
Differential diagnosis	Neurological disorders, factitious disorder, malingering
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable; some recover fully, others may have persistent symptoms
Frequency	Unknown, but more common in women and adolescents
Deaths	N/A

Conversion Disorder

Illustration depicting symptoms of conversion disorder

Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical or neurological conditions. These symptoms are real and can cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Symptoms

The symptoms of conversion disorder can vary widely and may include:

• Paralysis or weakness
• Seizures or convulsions
• Abnormal gait or movement
• Loss of sensation
• Blindness or deafness
• Difficulty swallowing or "lump in the throat"

These symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned and are often triggered by psychological stress or trauma.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of conversion disorder is primarily clinical and involves:

• A thorough medical history and physical examination
• Exclusion of other medical or neurological conditions
• Identification of psychological factors associated with the onset or exacerbation of symptoms

Treatment

Treatment for conversion disorder typically involves a combination of:

• Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Physical therapy to address physical symptoms
• Medication to manage associated symptoms like anxiety or depression

Prognosis

The prognosis for conversion disorder varies. Some individuals may experience a complete resolution of symptoms, while others may have persistent or recurrent symptoms. Early intervention and treatment can improve outcomes.

See Also

• Somatic symptom disorder
• Factitious disorder
• Psychosomatic medicine