Central diabetes insipidus
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Central diabetes insipidus (pronounced as cen-tral dia-bee-tus in-sip-i-dus), also known as neurogenic diabetes insipidus, is a rare medical condition where the body has an insufficient production, storage, or release of the hormone vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). This hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and stored and released by the pituitary gland, and it helps to regulate the body's water balance.
Etymology
The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word "diabainein", meaning "to pass through", referring to the excessive urination associated with the condition. "Insipidus" comes from the Latin word "insipidus" meaning "tasteless", referring to the dilute, tasteless urine produced by sufferers of the condition.
Symptoms
The main symptoms of central diabetes insipidus include excessive thirst (polydipsia), excretion of an abnormally large volume of dilute and odorless urine (polyuria), and an inability to concentrate urine. Other symptoms may include dehydration, fatigue, and in severe cases, unconsciousness.
Causes
Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland due to surgery, infection, tumor, or head injury. It can also be inherited, though this is less common.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus involves a series of tests, including a water deprivation test, urine tests, and blood tests. In some cases, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain may be required to identify any abnormalities in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
Treatment
Treatment for central diabetes insipidus usually involves taking synthetic vasopressin, either as a nasal spray, tablets, or injection. This helps to control the symptoms and prevent dehydration.
Related Terms
- Diabetes mellitus: A different type of diabetes that affects the body's ability to use glucose (sugar) for energy.
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: A similar condition to central diabetes insipidus, but caused by the kidneys' inability to respond to vasopressin.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Central diabetes insipidus
- Wikipedia's article - Central diabetes insipidus
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