Thiazide diuretics

Thiazide Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics (pronounced: thy-a-zide dy-u-ret-iks) are a type of diuretic medication commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention).

Etymology

The term "thiazide" comes from the chemical structure of these drugs, which includes a thiazide ring. "Diuretic" is derived from the Greek words "dia" (through) and "ourein" (to urinate), reflecting the drug's function of increasing urine production.

Function

Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron in the kidneys. This action reduces the reabsorption of sodium and water, leading to increased urine output and decreased fluid volume in the blood vessels.

Types of Thiazide Diuretics

There are several types of thiazide diuretics, including:

• Hydrochlorothiazide
• Chlorthalidone
• Indapamide
• Metolazone

Each of these drugs has a slightly different mechanism of action, but all are used to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure.

Side Effects

Common side effects of thiazide diuretics include:

• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels)

Related Terms

• Loop diuretics
• Potassium-sparing diuretics
• Antihypertensive drugs

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Thiazide diuretics
• Wikipedia's article - Thiazide diuretics

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