Allyl cyanide

Allyl cyanide

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Allyl_cyanide

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  Allyl cyanide explicit structure

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  Allyl cyanide 3D ball model

Allyl Cyanide

Allyl cyanide, also known as 3-butenenitrile, is an organic compound with the formula C₄H₅N. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is classified as a nitrile. Allyl cyanide is primarily used in the synthesis of other chemicals and has applications in the field of organic chemistry.

Structure and Properties

Allyl cyanide consists of a three-carbon allyl group (CH₂=CH-CH₂-) attached to a cyano group (-C_N). The presence of the double bond in the allyl group and the triple bond in the cyano group gives allyl cyanide its characteristic reactivity. The compound is volatile and flammable, with a boiling point of approximately 119°C.

Synthesis

Allyl cyanide can be synthesized through various methods, including the reaction of allyl chloride with sodium cyanide. This reaction involves the nucleophilic substitution of the chloride ion by the cyanide ion, resulting in the formation of allyl cyanide. Another method involves the dehydration of allyl alcohol in the presence of a cyanide source.

Applications

Allyl cyanide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds. Its reactivity makes it a valuable building block in organic synthesis, particularly in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It is also used in the study of enzyme mechanisms and as a reagent in biochemistry.

Toxicity and Safety

Allyl cyanide is toxic and can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. It is important to handle this compound with care, using appropriate safety equipment such as gloves and goggles. Inhalation of allyl cyanide can cause respiratory distress, and exposure can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea. Proper ventilation and adherence to safety protocols are essential when working with this chemical.

Related Compounds

• Allyl chloride
• Allyl alcohol
• Acrylonitrile
• Propionitrile

Related Pages

• Organic chemistry
• Nitrile
• Chemical synthesis