Femoral canal

The femoral canal is an anatomical compartment located in the upper thigh, part of the femoral triangle. It is a small, conical space that is important in the context of femoral hernias. The femoral canal allows for the passage of lymphatics from the lower limb to the pelvis and provides space for the expansion of the femoral vein during increased venous return.

Anatomy

The femoral canal is the most medial compartment of the femoral sheath, which also contains the femoral artery and vein. It is approximately 1.25 cm long and is bordered by the following structures:

• Anteriorly: The inguinal ligament.
• Posteriorly: The pectineal ligament and the pubic bone.
• Medially: The lacunar ligament.
• Laterally: The femoral vein.

The canal opens into the abdominal cavity through the femoral ring, which is a weak area and a common site for femoral hernias.

Contents

The femoral canal contains:

• Lymphatic vessels and a lymph node known as the Cloquet's node or the gland of Cloquet.
• Loose connective tissue.
• Occasionally, a small amount of fat.

Clinical Significance

The femoral canal is clinically significant due to its role in femoral hernias. A femoral hernia occurs when abdominal contents protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal. This type of hernia is more common in females and can lead to complications such as strangulation of the herniated tissue.

Surgical Considerations

In surgical procedures involving the femoral canal, such as the repair of a femoral hernia, care must be taken to avoid damage to the surrounding structures, including the femoral vein and the inguinal ligament.

Related pages

• Femoral triangle
• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Inguinal ligament
• Femoral hernia