Cefpiramide sodium

Cefpiramide sodium
File:Cefpiramide structure.png
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration	Intravenous, Intramuscular
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life	4.5 hours
Excretion	Renal
Legal status
CAS Number	70797-11-4
PubChem	65656
DrugBank	DB01329
ChemSpider	59085
KEGG	D07655

Cefpiramide sodium is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria and is administered via intravenous or intramuscular routes.

Pharmacology

Cefpiramide sodium works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are essential for the synthesis of the cell wall. This action leads to the weakening of the cell wall and eventually causes cell lysis and death of the bacterium.

Mechanism of Action

Cefpiramide sodium, like other cephalosporins, exerts its bactericidal effect by binding to PBPs. These proteins are involved in the final stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and reshaping it during growth and division. By inhibiting these proteins, cefpiramide disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls, which is critical for cell wall structural integrity.

Spectrum of Activity

Cefpiramide sodium is effective against a broad range of Gram-negative organisms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also has activity against some Gram-positive bacteria, although it is not the first choice for these infections.

Clinical Uses

Cefpiramide sodium is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Sepsis

Administration and Dosage

Cefpiramide sodium is administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. The dosage depends on the severity and type of infection, as well as the patient's renal function. Typical dosages range from 0.5 to 2 grams every 12 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Cefpiramide sodium has a half-life of approximately 4.5 hours. It is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment.

Adverse Effects

Common adverse effects of cefpiramide sodium include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Allergic reactions, including rash, pruritus, and anaphylaxis
• Hematological effects such as eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia

Contraindications

Cefpiramide sodium is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or any component of the formulation. Caution is advised in patients with a history of penicillin allergy due to potential cross-reactivity.

Interactions

Cefpiramide sodium may interact with other medications, including:

• Aminoglycosides: Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
• Anticoagulants: Cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

See Also

• Cephalosporin
• Antibiotic resistance
• Bacterial cell wall synthesis

External Links

• DrugBank: Cefpiramide
• PubChem: Cefpiramide

Oral Cephalosporins

• Cefaclor (2nd)
• Cefadroxil (1st)
• Cefdinir (3rd)
• Cefditoren (3rd)
• Cefixime (3rd)
• Cefpodoxime (3rd)
• Cefprozil (2nd)
• Ceftibuten (1st)
• Cephalexin (1st)
• Cefuroxime (2nd)
• Cephradine (1st)
• Loracarbef (2nd)

Parenteral Cephalosporins

• Cefazolin (1st)
• Cefepime (4th)
• Cefoperazone (3rd)
• Cefotaxime (3rd)
• Cefoxitin (2nd)
• Ceftaroline (5th)
• Ceftazidime (3rd)
• Ceftibuten (3rd)
• Ceftizoxime (3rd)
• Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (5th)
• Cefuroxime (2nd)
• Cephradine (1st)
• Ceftriaxone (3rd)