Cic

Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, straining
Complications	Hemorrhoids, Anal fissure
Onset
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, exclusion of other causes
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Dietary changes, laxatives, biofeedback
Medication	Fiber supplements, osmotic laxatives
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency
Deaths	N/A

Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by persistent difficulty in bowel movements, which cannot be attributed to any identifiable physiological or anatomical cause. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that other potential causes of constipation must be ruled out before diagnosing CIC.

Epidemiology

CIC affects a significant portion of the population, with varying prevalence rates reported globally. It is more common in women than in men and tends to increase with age. The condition can significantly impact quality of life, leading to discomfort and psychological distress.

Pathophysiology

The exact pathophysiology of CIC is not well understood. It is believed to involve a combination of factors, including:

• Altered gastrointestinal motility
• Dysfunction in the enteric nervous system
• Abnormalities in colonic transit time
• Impaired rectal evacuation

Clinical Features

Patients with CIC typically present with symptoms such as:

• Infrequent bowel movements (less than three per week)
• Hard or lumpy stools
• Excessive straining during defecation
• A sensation of incomplete evacuation
• Abdominal bloating and discomfort

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of CIC is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and symptomatology. The Rome IV criteria are often used to aid in diagnosis. These criteria require the presence of symptoms for at least three months, with symptom onset at least six months prior to diagnosis.

Exclusion of Other Causes

Before diagnosing CIC, it is essential to exclude other potential causes of constipation, such as:

• Hypothyroidism
• Diabetes mellitus
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Colorectal cancer
• Neurological disorders

Management

The management of CIC involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and, in some cases, behavioral therapies.

Lifestyle Modifications

• Increasing dietary fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Ensuring adequate hydration
• Regular physical activity

Pharmacological Treatments

• Fiber supplements such as psyllium
• Osmotic laxatives like polyethylene glycol
• Stimulant laxatives for short-term use
• Stool softeners

Behavioral Therapies

• Biofeedback therapy to improve pelvic floor function

Complications

If left untreated, CIC can lead to complications such as:

• Hemorrhoids
• Anal fissures
• Fecal impaction

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with CIC varies. While some individuals may experience significant improvement with treatment, others may have persistent symptoms. Long-term management and follow-up are often necessary.

See Also

• Constipation
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Functional gastrointestinal disorders

External Links

• [Link to a reputable medical website]