Edema: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Edema | |||
| image = [[File:Combinpedal.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Severe [[pedal edema]] in a patient with [[congestive heart failure]]. | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]], [[Nephrology]], [[Internal medicine]] | |||
| synonyms = Oedema, Dropsy | |||
| symptoms = Swelling, puffiness, stretched or shiny skin, skin that retains a dimple after being pressed | |||
| complications = [[Skin ulcer]], [[infection]], [[pain]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Heart failure]], [[kidney disease]], [[liver cirrhosis]], [[venous insufficiency]], [[lymphatic obstruction]], [[medications]] | |||
| risks = [[Pregnancy]], [[prolonged standing]], [[high salt intake]], [[obesity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[medical history]], [[blood tests]], [[urinalysis]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Lymphedema]], [[lipedema]], [[myxedema]] | |||
| treatment = [[Diuretics]], [[compression stockings]], [[elevation]], [[low-salt diet]] | |||
| medication = [[Furosemide]], [[spironolactone]], [[thiazide diuretics]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
| deaths = Rarely directly fatal | |||
}} | |||
Edema is abnormal buildup of fluid in the body, which may cause visible swelling. | Edema is abnormal buildup of fluid in the body, which may cause visible swelling. | ||
==Other names== | ==Other names== | ||
* [[Anasarca]] - generalized edema | * [[Anasarca]] - generalized edema | ||
* [[Pedal edema]] - localized edema | * [[Pedal edema]] - localized edema | ||
==Edema Introduction== | ==Edema Introduction== | ||
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Edema is a medical condition characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in the tissues of the body. This fluid accumulation can occur in any part of the body and is generally known as swelling. Common causes of edema include trauma, infection, heart failure, and kidney disease, among others. This text examines the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of edema, as well as its associated medical conditions and treatments. | Edema is a medical condition characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in the tissues of the body. This fluid accumulation can occur in any part of the body and is generally known as swelling. Common causes of edema include trauma, infection, heart failure, and kidney disease, among others. This text examines the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of edema, as well as its associated medical conditions and treatments. | ||
==Edema Causes== | ==Edema Causes== | ||
[[File:Foot Edema.jpg|Foot edema|thumb]] | [[File:Foot Edema.jpg|Foot edema|thumb]] | ||
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* Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can cause side effects (NSAIDs) | * Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can cause side effects (NSAIDs) | ||
* Preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy) (high blood pressure during pregnancy) | * Preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy) (high blood pressure during pregnancy) | ||
It is important to note that edema can be caused by a combination of factors, making the determination of the underlying cause difficult. | It is important to note that edema can be caused by a combination of factors, making the determination of the underlying cause difficult. | ||
==Edema Symptoms== | ==Edema Symptoms== | ||
Among the symptoms of edema are: | Among the symptoms of edema are: | ||
* Swelling, Tenderness | * Swelling, Tenderness | ||
* Tightness in the affected region | * Tightness in the affected region | ||
| Line 43: | Line 55: | ||
* Density in the affected region | * Density in the affected region | ||
Ache, redness, or heat (if the swelling is accompanied by these symptoms, it may indicate an infection called [[cellulitis]]) | Ache, redness, or heat (if the swelling is accompanied by these symptoms, it may indicate an infection called [[cellulitis]]) | ||
==Edema Diagnosis== | ==Edema Diagnosis== | ||
A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are required to diagnose edema. In addition, the physician will inquire about any recent changes in the patient's lifestyle or health status, as well as any medications being taken. | A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are required to diagnose edema. In addition, the physician will inquire about any recent changes in the patient's lifestyle or health status, as well as any medications being taken. | ||
Some of the possible diagnostic procedures for edema include: | Some of the possible diagnostic procedures for edema include: | ||
* [[Complete blood cell count]] (CBC) | * [[Complete blood cell count]] (CBC) | ||
* [[Electrolyte panel]] | * [[Electrolyte panel]] | ||
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* [[Abdominal ultrasound]] | * [[Abdominal ultrasound]] | ||
* a [[CT scan]] or an [[MRI]] (if necessary) | * a [[CT scan]] or an [[MRI]] (if necessary) | ||
==Treatment of Edema== | ==Treatment of Edema== | ||
The treatment of edema is contingent upon its underlying cause. If the edema is caused by an injury, the affected limb may be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation. If it is caused by a more serious condition, such as heart failure or kidney disease, the patient may need to be hospitalized and given medications to reduce fluid accumulation. | The treatment of edema is contingent upon its underlying cause. If the edema is caused by an injury, the affected limb may be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation. If it is caused by a more serious condition, such as heart failure or kidney disease, the patient may need to be hospitalized and given medications to reduce fluid accumulation. | ||
[[File:2707 Edema of Right Hand Due to Allergic Reaction.jpg|thumb|Edema of Right Hand Due to Allergic Reaction]] | [[File:2707 Edema of Right Hand Due to Allergic Reaction.jpg|thumb|Edema of Right Hand Due to Allergic Reaction]] | ||
Among the medications that may be used to treat edema are the following: | Among the medications that may be used to treat edema are the following: | ||
* [[Diuretics]] | * [[Diuretics]] | ||
* [[ACE inhibitors]] | * [[ACE inhibitors]] | ||
| Line 71: | Line 75: | ||
* [[Calcium channel blockers]] | * [[Calcium channel blockers]] | ||
* In addition to these medications, lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, can aid in the management of edema. | * In addition to these medications, lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, can aid in the management of edema. | ||
==Conclusion== | ==Conclusion== | ||
Edema is a condition characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body. It may be caused by a variety of variables and may be localized or widespread. Managing this condition and preventing complications requires an accurate diagnosis and treatment. As a medical student, you must become familiar with the various causes and treatments for edema in order to provide effective care to your patients. | Edema is a condition characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body. It may be caused by a variety of variables and may be localized or widespread. Managing this condition and preventing complications requires an accurate diagnosis and treatment. As a medical student, you must become familiar with the various causes and treatments for edema in order to provide effective care to your patients. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
# UpToDate. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-overview-of-pathogenesis-and-diagnosis | # UpToDate. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-overview-of-pathogenesis-and-diagnosis | ||
Latest revision as of 01:57, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Edema | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Oedema, Dropsy |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Swelling, puffiness, stretched or shiny skin, skin that retains a dimple after being pressed |
| Complications | Skin ulcer, infection, pain |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Heart failure, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, venous insufficiency, lymphatic obstruction, medications |
| Risks | Pregnancy, prolonged standing, high salt intake, obesity |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, medical history, blood tests, urinalysis, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Lymphedema, lipedema, myxedema |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Diuretics, compression stockings, elevation, low-salt diet |
| Medication | Furosemide, spironolactone, thiazide diuretics |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | Rarely directly fatal |
Edema is abnormal buildup of fluid in the body, which may cause visible swelling.
Other names[edit]
- Anasarca - generalized edema
- Pedal edema - localized edema
Edema Introduction[edit]
Edema is a medical condition characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in the tissues of the body. This fluid accumulation can occur in any part of the body and is generally known as swelling. Common causes of edema include trauma, infection, heart failure, and kidney disease, among others. This text examines the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of edema, as well as its associated medical conditions and treatments.
Edema Causes[edit]
Edema can be caused by numerous factors, such as:
- Trauma or injury to the affected region
- Infection
- cardiac failure
- Renal disease
- Chronic insufficiency of the veins
- hepatic disease
- Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can cause side effects (NSAIDs)
- Preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy) (high blood pressure during pregnancy)
It is important to note that edema can be caused by a combination of factors, making the determination of the underlying cause difficult.
Edema Symptoms[edit]
Among the symptoms of edema are:
- Swelling, Tenderness
- Tightness in the affected region
- Glossy or elongated skin (in severe cases)
- Density in the affected region
Ache, redness, or heat (if the swelling is accompanied by these symptoms, it may indicate an infection called cellulitis)
Edema Diagnosis[edit]
A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are required to diagnose edema. In addition, the physician will inquire about any recent changes in the patient's lifestyle or health status, as well as any medications being taken. Some of the possible diagnostic procedures for edema include:
- Complete blood cell count (CBC)
- Electrolyte panel
- Tests of liver functions
- Renal function examinations
- Chest X-ray
- Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) (ultrasound of the heart)
- Abdominal ultrasound
- a CT scan or an MRI (if necessary)
Treatment of Edema[edit]
The treatment of edema is contingent upon its underlying cause. If the edema is caused by an injury, the affected limb may be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation. If it is caused by a more serious condition, such as heart failure or kidney disease, the patient may need to be hospitalized and given medications to reduce fluid accumulation.
Among the medications that may be used to treat edema are the following:
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- Vasodilators
- Calcium channel blockers
- In addition to these medications, lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, can aid in the management of edema.
Conclusion[edit]
Edema is a condition characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body. It may be caused by a variety of variables and may be localized or widespread. Managing this condition and preventing complications requires an accurate diagnosis and treatment. As a medical student, you must become familiar with the various causes and treatments for edema in order to provide effective care to your patients.
References[edit]
- UpToDate. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-overview-of-pathogenesis-and-diagnosis
- American Heart Association. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/what-is-heart-failure/edema
- National Kidney Foundation. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/edema
- Mayo Clinic. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/edema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352038
- MedlinePlus. (2021). Edema. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html
| Signs and symptoms relating to skin and subcutaneous tissue | ||||||||||
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| Disorders of volume state | ||||||
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