Blanch (medical)

Blanching is a medical term that refers to the temporary whitening of the skin due to transient ischemia (lack of blood flow). This can be caused by various conditions such as Raynaud's disease, peripheral artery disease, and shock. It can also be a result of local pressure effects.

Causes

Blanching of the skin is usually caused by conditions that restrict blood flow to the skin. These can include:

• Raynaud's disease: This condition causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress.
• Peripheral artery disease: This common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs.
• Shock: A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow.

Diagnosis

Blanching is usually diagnosed by a physical examination. The doctor may apply pressure to the skin to see if it blanches and then returns to its normal color once the pressure is released. This is known as the capillary refill test.

Treatment

Treatment for blanching depends on the underlying cause. For example, treatment for Raynaud's disease may include avoiding cold temperatures and stress, while treatment for peripheral artery disease may include lifestyle changes and medications to improve blood flow.

See also

• Capillary refill
• Raynaud's disease
• Peripheral artery disease
• Shock