Venous insufficiency

Venous insufficiency is a medical condition where the flow of blood through the veins is inadequate, causing blood to pool in the legs. It is often referred to as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) or venous stasis.

Causes

Venous insufficiency is typically caused by either blood clots or varicose veins. In healthy veins, there are a series of one-way valves to ensure blood flows towards the heart. When these valves become damaged or weakened, blood can flow backwards and collect in the veins, a condition known as venous reflux.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of venous insufficiency include swelling in the legs or ankles, pain that worsens when standing, leg cramps, itchy legs, changes in skin color, and varicose veins. In severe cases, venous insufficiency can lead to ulcers on the skin or deep vein thrombosis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of venous insufficiency often involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Medical professionals may also use a Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow and identify any blockages or valve issues.

Treatment

Treatment for venous insufficiency aims to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. This can involve lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and elevation of the legs. In more severe cases, medical procedures may be required, such as sclerotherapy, endovenous laser treatment (EVLT), or surgery.

See also

• Deep vein thrombosis
• Varicose veins
• Venous reflux