Strawberry: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Mexican strawberries.jpg|thumb|Strawberry]]
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strawberry}}
{{Speciesbox
|name          = Strawberry ''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa''
|image          = Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) single2.jpg
|image_caption  = Strawberry fruit
|genus          = Fragaria
|species        = × ananassa
|authority      = [[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]]
}}
[[File:Mexican strawberries.jpg|thumb|Ripe red strawberries]]
[[File:Strawberry in Dilshad Garden, India.jpg|alt=Strawberry|left|thumb|Strawberries in an Indian garden]]
[[File:Strawberry flower.jpg|alt=Strawberry flower|thumb|Strawberry flower in bloom]]
[[File:Lemon Strawberry Cupcake - 6817642898.jpg|alt=Lemon Strawberry Cupcake |thumb|Dessert prepared using strawberry as an ingredient]]


A '''strawberry''' is a short [[plant]] in the [[wild strawberry]] [[genus]] of the [[rosaceae|rose family]]. The name is also used for its very common [[sweet (taste)|sweet]] edible "[[fruit]]" and for [[flavor]]s that taste like it. The real fruit of the plant are the tiny "[[seed]]s" around the "fruit", which is actually a sweet [[swelling]] of the plant's [[stem]] around the fruit. The plant grown today is a mix of two other [[species]] of [[wild strawberries]] and was first grown in the 1750s.
A '''strawberry''' is a low-growing, herbaceous [[plant]] in the genus '''''Fragaria''''', part of the [[Rosaceae|rose family]]. It is widely cultivated for its sweet, red, edible accessory [[fruit]], commonly known as a strawberry. Though referred to as a "berry," the botanical structure of the strawberry classifies it as an [[aggregate fruit]], consisting of many tiny [[fruit]]s embedded on a fleshy receptacle.


==History==
The strawberry is not only appreciated for its flavor but is also used in a wide variety of culinary, cosmetic, and [[nutritional]] applications. Its characteristic aroma and taste have also made it a popular [[flavoring]] in food products and beverages.
People have eaten different kinds of [[wild strawberries]] for thousands of years. Today's bigger strawberry was first made around [[Brest]] in [[Brittany]] (northwest [[France]]) in the 1750s. It was made by joining the [[Virginia strawberry]] from eastern [[North America]] to the [[Europe]]an [[Hautbois]] and the [[Chilean strawberry]] from western [[South America]].<ref>{{citation |last=Welsh |first=Martin |contribution-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802231801/http://www.nvsuk.org.uk/growing_show_vegetables_1/strawberry.php |contribution=Strawberries |url=http://www.nvsuk.org.uk |title=''Official website'' |publisher=National Vegetable Society |location=Aylesford |date=2006 }}.</ref>


==Farming==
== Botany and Morphology ==
Most strawberries are grown on [[farm]]s. Strawberry [[farmer]]s often have special [[bee]]s that they take care of, so that the [[bee]]s can help the strawberry plants grow their "fruit".
The strawberry plant is a perennial species, forming a leafy crown near the soil surface. The leaves are trifoliate with toothed edges. The plant propagates through above-ground stems known as '''runners''' or [[stolons]], which generate new daughter plants.


Strawberry stems are called runners. They grow above ground. They are a type of [[stolon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Stem Modifications|url=https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/plant-form-and-physiology-30/stems-179/stem-modifications-688-11912/|work=Boundless Biology.|publisher=Boundless|accessdate=22 February 2016}}</ref>
The true fruits of the strawberry are the small, yellow-brown [[achenes]] (mistakenly called "seeds") scattered on the red, fleshy part. The red portion is a swollen [[receptacle]] (stem tissue) rather than an ovary, making strawberries an example of a false fruit or pseudocarp.


==Fruit==
== Cultivated Varieties ==
The real [[fruit]] of the strawberries are the [[achene]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/grocery/achenes.html |title=achenes |publisher=Inhs.uiuc.edu |accessdate=2012-01-19}}</ref> which people usually think of as the little [[seed]]s around the outside of the larger red "fruit". What people think is the "fruit" is really the [[swelling|swollen]] [[stem]]s between these fruit. This kind of fruit, where different [[ovary|ovaries]] grow into a single larger "fruit", is called an "[[aggregate fruit]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/grocery/Aggfrts.html |title=Aggretage Fruits |publisher=Inhs.uiuc.edu |accessdate=2012-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/1997/mayjun/dept4.htm |title=The Strawberry: A Multiple Fruit |publisher=Carnegiemuseums.org |accessdate=2012-01-19}}</ref>
The modern cultivated strawberry, known as *Fragaria × ananassa*, is a hybrid of the [[Virginia strawberry]] (*Fragaria virginiana*) native to eastern [[North America]] and the [[Chilean strawberry]] (*Fragaria chiloensis*) from western [[South America]]. The hybridization was first achieved in the 18th century in [[Brittany]], [[France]].


Strawberries are rich in [[vitamin C]] and [[manganese]].<ref name=Nutridata>{{cite web |title=Nutrition Facts for strawberries, raw, one NLEA serving, 152 g |publisher=Nutritiondata.com |url=http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/2064/2 |accessdate=February 22, 2016}}</ref>
== History ==
Wild strawberries have been consumed by humans since ancient times. They were prized by the [[Romans]] for their medicinal uses and mentioned in classical literature. The cultivation of strawberries began in Europe in the early 14th century but remained limited due to the small size of wild fruits.


== Interesting facts about {{PAGENAME}} ==
The creation of larger, more flavorful cultivated varieties began in the mid-1700s, leading to widespread commercial production. Over time, many cultivars have been developed to enhance size, flavor, shelf life, and resistance to diseases.


*Are you aware that strawberries grow on a plant that is very low to the ground?
== Agriculture and Farming ==
Strawberries are now grown in temperate regions worldwide. Major producers include the [[United States]], [[Mexico]], [[China]], [[Poland]], and [[Turkey]].


*Are you aware that every strawberry has approximately 200 tiny seeds?
They require well-drained soil, full sun, and protection from frost. Farmers often use [[plasticulture]] techniques, including plastic mulch and raised beds, to optimize growth and fruit quality. Controlled [[pollination]] is vital for fruit development, and commercial strawberry farms often rely on managed [[bee]] colonies for this purpose.


*Are you aware that the strawberry is the only fruit with seeds on the outside rather than on the inside?
== Nutritional Value ==
Strawberries are a rich source of essential [[vitamins]] and [[minerals]]:


*Are you aware that ripe strawberries are red?
* [[Vitamin C]] – an important [[antioxidant]] and immune system booster
* [[Manganese]] – supports metabolism and bone health
* [[Folate]] – important for [[cell division]] and [[pregnancy]]
* [[Dietary fiber]] – supports digestion


*Are you aware that strawberries have a heart shape?
Strawberries also contain [[phytonutrients]] such as [[anthocyanins]] and [[ellagic acid]], which have potential [[anti-inflammatory]] and [[anticancer]] properties.


*Are you aware that just eight strawberries contain 140% of a child’s recommended daily intake for vitamin C?
{| class="wikitable"
[[File:Lemon Strawberry Cupcake - 6817642898.jpg|alt=Lemon Strawberry Cupcake |thumb|Lemon Strawberry Cupcake ]]
|+ Nutritional value per 100 grams (raw strawberries)
*Are you aware that strawberries are sweet and a healthy snack?
|-
! Nutrient !! Amount
|-
| Energy || 32 kcal
|-
| Carbohydrates || 7.7 g
|-
| Sugars || 4.9 g
|-
| Dietary fiber || 2 g
|-
| Protein || 0.7 g
|-
| Vitamin C || 59 mg (98% DV)
|-
| Manganese || 0.39 mg (19% DV)
|}


*Are you aware that once you pick a strawberry it won’t ripen any further?
(Source: USDA Nutrient Database)


*Are you aware that you should keep strawberries in the refrigerator after you purchase?
== Health Benefits ==
Strawberries have been studied for their potential benefits in:
* Improving [[cardiovascular health]]
* Regulating [[blood sugar]] levels
* Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation
* Supporting cognitive function


*Are you aware that New Jersey strawberries are available from late May to early July?
Their high [[antioxidant]] content may help neutralize free radicals and reduce the risk of [[chronic diseases]] such as [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], and certain [[cancers]].


*Are you aware that strawberries are picked by hand?
== Culinary Uses ==
Strawberries are consumed fresh or used in a variety of preparations, including:
* [[Fruit salad]]s
* [[Smoothies]]
* [[Jams]] and [[preserves]]
* [[Desserts]] such as pies, tarts, cakes, and ice cream
* Yogurts and milkshakes
They are also a popular garnish and ingredient in health foods and [[nutritional supplements]].


*Are you aware that strawberries are a popular addition to dairy products such as ice cream, milkshakes, yogurt and smoothies?
== Allergies ==
Some individuals may experience [[allergic reactions]] to strawberries, which may include [[oral allergy syndrome]], [[rash]], [[hives]], or gastrointestinal symptoms. This is often due to proteins related to those found in [[birch pollen]].


*Are you aware that California produces 75% of the United States’ strawberries?
== See Also ==
[[File:Strawberry in Dilshad Garden, India.jpg|alt=Strawberry|thumb|'''Strawberry''']]
* [[Wild strawberry]]
*Are you aware that California grows one billion pounds of strawberries per year? (If you were to lay each berry that California produces side by side, they would go around the world 15 times.)
* [[Berry]]
 
* [[Fruits]]
*Are you aware that strawberries are grown in every state in the U.S.?
* [[Vitamin C]]
* [[Anthocyanin]]
* [[Rosaceae]]
* [[Antioxidant]]


*Are you aware that the American Indians used to crush berries and mix with cornmeal and bake into strawberry bread?
== External Links ==
[[File:Strawberry flower.jpg|alt=Strawberry flower|thumb|'''Strawberry flower''']]
* [https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168153/nutrients USDA Nutrition Data for Strawberries]
*Are you aware that after early colonists tried the Indians’ strawberry bread they developed their version of the recipe and created strawberry shortcake?
* [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/271285 Medical News Today – Health benefits of strawberries]
==Related pages==
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13158}}
* [[Wild strawberry]]
{{usdastb}}
{{fruits}}
{{fruits}}
[[Category:Crops]]
[[Category:Fragaria]]
[[Category:Hybrid fruit]]
[[Category:Strawberries]]
[[Category:Symbols of Delaware]]
[[Category:Strawberries]]
[[Category:Strawberries]]
==References==
[[Category:Rosaceae]]
[[Category:Fruit vegetables]]
[[Category:Berries]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Dietary antioxidants]]

Latest revision as of 02:22, 3 April 2025


Strawberry Fragaria × ananassa
File:Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) single2.jpg

Strawberry fruit

Fragaria × ananassa
Scientific classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Fragaria
Species × ananassa
Binomial name Fragaria × ananassa
Binomial authority
Synonyms
File:Mexican strawberries.jpg
Ripe red strawberries
Strawberry
Strawberries in an Indian garden
Strawberry flower
Strawberry flower in bloom
Lemon Strawberry Cupcake
Dessert prepared using strawberry as an ingredient

A strawberry is a low-growing, herbaceous plant in the genus Fragaria, part of the rose family. It is widely cultivated for its sweet, red, edible accessory fruit, commonly known as a strawberry. Though referred to as a "berry," the botanical structure of the strawberry classifies it as an aggregate fruit, consisting of many tiny fruits embedded on a fleshy receptacle.

The strawberry is not only appreciated for its flavor but is also used in a wide variety of culinary, cosmetic, and nutritional applications. Its characteristic aroma and taste have also made it a popular flavoring in food products and beverages.

Botany and Morphology[edit]

The strawberry plant is a perennial species, forming a leafy crown near the soil surface. The leaves are trifoliate with toothed edges. The plant propagates through above-ground stems known as runners or stolons, which generate new daughter plants.

The true fruits of the strawberry are the small, yellow-brown achenes (mistakenly called "seeds") scattered on the red, fleshy part. The red portion is a swollen receptacle (stem tissue) rather than an ovary, making strawberries an example of a false fruit or pseudocarp.

Cultivated Varieties[edit]

The modern cultivated strawberry, known as *Fragaria × ananassa*, is a hybrid of the Virginia strawberry (*Fragaria virginiana*) native to eastern North America and the Chilean strawberry (*Fragaria chiloensis*) from western South America. The hybridization was first achieved in the 18th century in Brittany, France.

History[edit]

Wild strawberries have been consumed by humans since ancient times. They were prized by the Romans for their medicinal uses and mentioned in classical literature. The cultivation of strawberries began in Europe in the early 14th century but remained limited due to the small size of wild fruits.

The creation of larger, more flavorful cultivated varieties began in the mid-1700s, leading to widespread commercial production. Over time, many cultivars have been developed to enhance size, flavor, shelf life, and resistance to diseases.

Agriculture and Farming[edit]

Strawberries are now grown in temperate regions worldwide. Major producers include the United States, Mexico, China, Poland, and Turkey.

They require well-drained soil, full sun, and protection from frost. Farmers often use plasticulture techniques, including plastic mulch and raised beds, to optimize growth and fruit quality. Controlled pollination is vital for fruit development, and commercial strawberry farms often rely on managed bee colonies for this purpose.

Nutritional Value[edit]

Strawberries are a rich source of essential vitamins and minerals:

Strawberries also contain phytonutrients such as anthocyanins and ellagic acid, which have potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Nutritional value per 100 grams (raw strawberries)
Nutrient Amount
Energy 32 kcal
Carbohydrates 7.7 g
Sugars 4.9 g
Dietary fiber 2 g
Protein 0.7 g
Vitamin C 59 mg (98% DV)
Manganese 0.39 mg (19% DV)

(Source: USDA Nutrient Database)

Health Benefits[edit]

Strawberries have been studied for their potential benefits in:

Their high antioxidant content may help neutralize free radicals and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.

Culinary Uses[edit]

Strawberries are consumed fresh or used in a variety of preparations, including:

They are also a popular garnish and ingredient in health foods and nutritional supplements.

Allergies[edit]

Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to strawberries, which may include oral allergy syndrome, rash, hives, or gastrointestinal symptoms. This is often due to proteins related to those found in birch pollen.

See Also[edit]

External Links[edit]


Types of fruits
Types of fruits
Achene · Berry · Capsule · Caryopsis · Drupe · Follicle · Hesperidium · Legume · Loment · Nut · Pome · Samara · Schizocarp · Silique · Syconium
Categories of fruits
Function
List of fruits
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