Cardioplegia: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 06:13, 17 March 2025
Cardioplegia
Cardioplegia is a medical technique that involves the intentional and temporary cessation of cardiac activity, primarily to facilitate cardiac surgery. This procedure is essential for providing a still and bloodless field, allowing surgeons to perform intricate operations on the heart.
Types of Cardioplegia[edit]
Cardioplegia can be classified into several types based on the method of delivery and the composition of the solution used:
- Crystalloid Cardioplegia: This type uses a solution devoid of blood, typically containing electrolytes, buffers, and substrates to protect the heart muscle.
- Blood Cardioplegia: This method involves the use of the patient's own blood mixed with a cardioplegic solution, providing better oxygen delivery and metabolic support.
- Antegrade Cardioplegia: The solution is delivered through the coronary arteries in the direction of normal blood flow.
- Retrograde Cardioplegia: The solution is delivered through the coronary sinus, flowing in the opposite direction of normal blood flow.
Mechanism of Action[edit]
Cardioplegia works by inducing a state of cardiac arrest through the use of a cold or chemically modified solution. The primary components of cardioplegic solutions often include:
- Potassium: High concentrations of potassium cause depolarization of the cardiac cells, leading to cessation of electrical activity.
- Magnesium: Helps stabilize cell membranes and prevent calcium overload.
- Buffers: Maintain pH balance within the myocardial cells.
- Substrates: Provide metabolic support during the period of arrest.
Clinical Applications[edit]
Cardioplegia is commonly used in various types of cardiac surgery, including:
Advantages[edit]
The use of cardioplegia offers several advantages:
- Provides a motionless field for precise surgical intervention.
- Reduces metabolic demands of the heart muscle.
- Protects the myocardium from ischemic damage during the period of arrest.
Complications[edit]
While cardioplegia is generally safe, potential complications can include:
- Inadequate myocardial protection leading to ischemia.
- Electrolyte imbalances.
- Reperfusion injury upon restoration of blood flow.
Related Pages[edit]
- Cardiac surgery
- Coronary artery bypass surgery
- Heart valve surgery
- Myocardial ischemia
- Congenital heart defect
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
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- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
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A[edit]
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B[edit]
C[edit]
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- Cardiotoxicity
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- Cœur en sabot
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D[edit]
E[edit]
H[edit]
- Heart attack
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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I[edit]
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
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K[edit]
L[edit]
M[edit]
- Mydicar
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- Myocarditis
N[edit]
O[edit]
P[edit]
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R[edit]
S[edit]
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T[edit]
V[edit]
W[edit]
