Aortic valve area calculation: Difference between revisions
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File:Comparasion_of_results_from_Gorlin_Agarwal-Okpara-Bao_and_Clinical_data.JPG|Comparison of results from Gorlin, Agarwal-Okpara-Bao, and Clinical data | File:Comparasion_of_results_from_Gorlin_Agarwal-Okpara-Bao_and_Clinical_data.JPG|Comparison of results from Gorlin, Agarwal-Okpara-Bao, and Clinical data | ||
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==Aortic Valve Area Calculation== | |||
The calculation of the [[aortic valve area]] (AVA) is a critical component in the assessment of [[aortic stenosis]], a condition characterized by the narrowing of the [[aortic valve]] opening. Accurate determination of the AVA is essential for diagnosing the severity of aortic stenosis and guiding clinical management. | |||
===Anatomy and Physiology=== | |||
The [[aortic valve]] is one of the four main [[heart valves]] and is located between the [[left ventricle]] and the [[aorta]]. It ensures unidirectional blood flow from the heart into the systemic circulation. The normal aortic valve area ranges from 3 to 4 square centimeters. A reduction in this area due to [[calcification]] or other pathological processes can lead to aortic stenosis. | |||
===Methods of Calculation=== | |||
Several methods are used to calculate the aortic valve area, each with its own advantages and limitations. | |||
====Gorlin Formula==== | |||
The Gorlin formula is a classic method used to calculate the AVA based on [[hemodynamic]] measurements obtained during [[cardiac catheterization]]. The formula is: | |||
\[ \text{AVA} = \frac{\text{CO}}{\text{HR} \times \text{SEP} \times 44.3 \times \sqrt{\Delta P}} \] | |||
where: | |||
- \( \text{CO} \) is the [[cardiac output]] in liters per minute, | |||
- \( \text{HR} \) is the [[heart rate]] in beats per minute, | |||
- \( \text{SEP} \) is the systolic ejection period in seconds, | |||
- \( \Delta P \) is the mean transvalvular pressure gradient in mmHg. | |||
====Continuity Equation==== | |||
The continuity equation is a non-invasive method that uses [[Doppler echocardiography]] to calculate the AVA. It is based on the principle of conservation of mass, which states that the flow through the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) must equal the flow through the aortic valve. The equation is: | |||
\[ \text{AVA} = \frac{\text{CSA}_{\text{LVOT}} \times \text{VTI}_{\text{LVOT}}}{\text{VTI}_{\text{AV}}} \] | |||
where: | |||
- \( \text{CSA}_{\text{LVOT}} \) is the cross-sectional area of the LVOT, | |||
- \( \text{VTI}_{\text{LVOT}} \) is the velocity time integral of the LVOT, | |||
- \( \text{VTI}_{\text{AV}} \) is the velocity time integral of the aortic valve. | |||
===Clinical Significance=== | |||
The severity of aortic stenosis is classified based on the calculated AVA: | |||
- Mild: AVA > 1.5 cm_ | |||
- Moderate: AVA 1.0 - 1.5 cm_ | |||
- Severe: AVA < 1.0 cm_ | |||
Accurate assessment of the AVA is crucial for determining the appropriate timing of [[aortic valve replacement]] or [[transcatheter aortic valve implantation]] (TAVI). | |||
==Related Pages== | |||
* [[Aortic stenosis]] | |||
* [[Echocardiography]] | |||
* [[Cardiac catheterization]] | |||
* [[Heart valve disease]] | |||
{{Cardiology}} | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Medical procedures]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:41, 19 February 2025
-
Comparison of results from Gorlin, Agarwal-Okpara-Bao, and Clinical data
Aortic Valve Area Calculation[edit]
The calculation of the aortic valve area (AVA) is a critical component in the assessment of aortic stenosis, a condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve opening. Accurate determination of the AVA is essential for diagnosing the severity of aortic stenosis and guiding clinical management.
Anatomy and Physiology[edit]
The aortic valve is one of the four main heart valves and is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It ensures unidirectional blood flow from the heart into the systemic circulation. The normal aortic valve area ranges from 3 to 4 square centimeters. A reduction in this area due to calcification or other pathological processes can lead to aortic stenosis.
Methods of Calculation[edit]
Several methods are used to calculate the aortic valve area, each with its own advantages and limitations.
Gorlin Formula[edit]
The Gorlin formula is a classic method used to calculate the AVA based on hemodynamic measurements obtained during cardiac catheterization. The formula is:
\[ \text{AVA} = \frac{\text{CO}}{\text{HR} \times \text{SEP} \times 44.3 \times \sqrt{\Delta P}} \]
where: - \( \text{CO} \) is the cardiac output in liters per minute, - \( \text{HR} \) is the heart rate in beats per minute, - \( \text{SEP} \) is the systolic ejection period in seconds, - \( \Delta P \) is the mean transvalvular pressure gradient in mmHg.
Continuity Equation[edit]
The continuity equation is a non-invasive method that uses Doppler echocardiography to calculate the AVA. It is based on the principle of conservation of mass, which states that the flow through the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) must equal the flow through the aortic valve. The equation is:
\[ \text{AVA} = \frac{\text{CSA}_{\text{LVOT}} \times \text{VTI}_{\text{LVOT}}}{\text{VTI}_{\text{AV}}} \]
where: - \( \text{CSA}_{\text{LVOT}} \) is the cross-sectional area of the LVOT, - \( \text{VTI}_{\text{LVOT}} \) is the velocity time integral of the LVOT, - \( \text{VTI}_{\text{AV}} \) is the velocity time integral of the aortic valve.
Clinical Significance[edit]
The severity of aortic stenosis is classified based on the calculated AVA: - Mild: AVA > 1.5 cm_ - Moderate: AVA 1.0 - 1.5 cm_ - Severe: AVA < 1.0 cm_
Accurate assessment of the AVA is crucial for determining the appropriate timing of aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Related Pages[edit]
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
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- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A[edit]
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- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B[edit]
C[edit]
- Ebb Cade
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- Cardiac amyloidosis
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- Cœur en sabot
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D[edit]
E[edit]
H[edit]
- Heart attack
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- High-output heart failure
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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I[edit]
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K[edit]
L[edit]
M[edit]
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N[edit]
O[edit]
P[edit]
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
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R[edit]
S[edit]
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
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- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
