Thrombotic microangiopathy: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Thrombotic microangiopathy | |||
| image = [[File:thrombotic_microangiopathy_-_very_high_mag.jpg|left|thumb|Thrombotic microangiopathy under very high magnification]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph showing thrombotic microangiopathy | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue]], [[pallor]], [[jaundice]], [[confusion]], [[seizures]], [[renal failure]] | |||
| complications = [[Acute kidney injury]], [[stroke]], [[heart failure]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[hemolytic-uremic syndrome]], [[malignant hypertension]], [[scleroderma]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[autoimmune disorders]], [[infections]], [[medications]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood tests]], [[urinalysis]], [[kidney biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[hemolytic anemia]], [[vasculitis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Plasma exchange]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]], [[antihypertensive drugs]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on underlying cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Thrombotic Microangiopathy''' ('''TMA''') is a pathological process that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial cell injury. It is characterized by [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[organ dysfunction]]. | '''Thrombotic Microangiopathy''' ('''TMA''') is a pathological process that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial cell injury. It is characterized by [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[organ dysfunction]]. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
TMA can be caused by several factors, including [[genetic disorders]], [[drugs]], and [[infections]]. It can also be associated with [[malignancies]], [[transplant rejection]], and [[pregnancy]]. | TMA can be caused by several factors, including [[genetic disorders]], [[drugs]], and [[infections]]. It can also be associated with [[malignancies]], [[transplant rejection]], and [[pregnancy]]. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
The pathophysiology of TMA involves the damage to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. This damage can be caused by various factors, such as [[toxins]], [[drugs]], [[infections]], and [[immune reactions]]. The damaged endothelial cells then expose the underlying [[tissue factor]], which triggers the [[coagulation cascade]] and leads to the formation of [[thrombi]]. | The pathophysiology of TMA involves the damage to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. This damage can be caused by various factors, such as [[toxins]], [[drugs]], [[infections]], and [[immune reactions]]. The damaged endothelial cells then expose the underlying [[tissue factor]], which triggers the [[coagulation cascade]] and leads to the formation of [[thrombi]]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of TMA is based on the presence of [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[organ dysfunction]]. Additional tests may include [[blood tests]], [[urinalysis]], and [[imaging studies]]. | The diagnosis of TMA is based on the presence of [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[organ dysfunction]]. Additional tests may include [[blood tests]], [[urinalysis]], and [[imaging studies]]. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of TMA depends on the underlying cause. It may include [[plasma exchange]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]], and [[supportive care]]. In severe cases, [[dialysis]] or [[transplantation]] may be required. | The treatment of TMA depends on the underlying cause. It may include [[plasma exchange]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]], and [[supportive care]]. In severe cases, [[dialysis]] or [[transplantation]] may be required. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis of TMA varies depending on the underlying cause and the patient's response to treatment. In some cases, it can be life-threatening. | The prognosis of TMA varies depending on the underlying cause and the patient's response to treatment. In some cases, it can be life-threatening. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome]] | * [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome]] | ||
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | * [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | ||
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | * [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | ||
[[Category:Blood disorders]] | [[Category:Blood disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Vascular diseases]] | [[Category:Vascular diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Pathology]] | [[Category:Pathology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:22, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Thrombotic microangiopathy | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, jaundice, confusion, seizures, renal failure |
| Complications | Acute kidney injury, stroke, heart failure |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, malignant hypertension, scleroderma, antiphospholipid syndrome |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, autoimmune disorders, infections, medications |
| Diagnosis | Blood tests, urinalysis, kidney biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolytic anemia, vasculitis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Plasma exchange, immunosuppressive therapy, antihypertensive drugs |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on underlying cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathological process that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial cell injury. It is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ dysfunction.
Causes[edit]
TMA can be caused by several factors, including genetic disorders, drugs, and infections. It can also be associated with malignancies, transplant rejection, and pregnancy.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The pathophysiology of TMA involves the damage to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. This damage can be caused by various factors, such as toxins, drugs, infections, and immune reactions. The damaged endothelial cells then expose the underlying tissue factor, which triggers the coagulation cascade and leads to the formation of thrombi.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of TMA is based on the presence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ dysfunction. Additional tests may include blood tests, urinalysis, and imaging studies.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of TMA depends on the underlying cause. It may include plasma exchange, immunosuppressive therapy, and supportive care. In severe cases, dialysis or transplantation may be required.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of TMA varies depending on the underlying cause and the patient's response to treatment. In some cases, it can be life-threatening.
