Neonatal sepsis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Neonatal sepsis | |||
| synonyms = [[Sepsis neonatorum]] | |||
| field = [[Pediatrics]], [[Neonatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[hypothermia]], [[lethargy]], [[poor feeding]], [[respiratory distress]] | |||
| complications = [[Septic shock]], [[multi-organ dysfunction syndrome]] | |||
| onset = Within the first 28 days of life | |||
| duration = Varies, depending on treatment | |||
| causes = [[Bacterial infection]], [[viral infection]], [[fungal infection]] | |||
| risks = [[Premature birth]], [[low birth weight]], [[prolonged rupture of membranes]], [[maternal infection]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood culture]], [[complete blood count]], [[C-reactive protein]] | |||
| differential = [[Meningitis]], [[pneumonia]], [[urinary tract infection]] | |||
| prevention = [[Maternal screening]], [[antibiotic prophylaxis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[supportive care]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies, can be serious if not treated promptly | |||
| frequency = 1 to 8 per 1000 live births | |||
}} | |||
'''Neonatal sepsis''' is a type of [[neonatal infection]] that occurs in an infant less than 28 days old. It is a systemic infection that can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated promptly and effectively. | '''Neonatal sepsis''' is a type of [[neonatal infection]] that occurs in an infant less than 28 days old. It is a systemic infection that can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated promptly and effectively. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Neonatal sepsis can be caused by a variety of [[bacteria]], [[virus|viruses]], and [[fungus|fungi]]. The most common bacterial causes include [[Group B streptococcus]], [[Escherichia coli]], and [[Listeria monocytogenes]]. Viral causes can include [[herpes simplex virus]] and [[enterovirus]], while fungal causes are typically due to [[Candida]] species. | Neonatal sepsis can be caused by a variety of [[bacteria]], [[virus|viruses]], and [[fungus|fungi]]. The most common bacterial causes include [[Group B streptococcus]], [[Escherichia coli]], and [[Listeria monocytogenes]]. Viral causes can include [[herpes simplex virus]] and [[enterovirus]], while fungal causes are typically due to [[Candida]] species. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of neonatal sepsis can vary widely and may include [[fever]], [[hypothermia]], [[apnea]], [[tachycardia]], [[cyanosis]], [[jaundice]], and [[seizure]]s. Infants may also exhibit feeding difficulties, lethargy, and irritability. | Symptoms of neonatal sepsis can vary widely and may include [[fever]], [[hypothermia]], [[apnea]], [[tachycardia]], [[cyanosis]], [[jaundice]], and [[seizure]]s. Infants may also exhibit feeding difficulties, lethargy, and irritability. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis typically involves a combination of [[medical history]], physical examination, and laboratory tests. These tests may include [[blood culture]], [[complete blood count]], [[C-reactive protein]], and [[procalcitonin]] levels. Imaging studies such as [[chest X-ray]] or [[ultrasound]] may also be used. | Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis typically involves a combination of [[medical history]], physical examination, and laboratory tests. These tests may include [[blood culture]], [[complete blood count]], [[C-reactive protein]], and [[procalcitonin]] levels. Imaging studies such as [[chest X-ray]] or [[ultrasound]] may also be used. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for neonatal sepsis typically involves [[antibiotic]] therapy, often with a combination of drugs to cover a broad range of potential pathogens. Supportive care, including [[intravenous fluids]], [[oxygen therapy]], and [[mechanical ventilation]], may also be necessary. | Treatment for neonatal sepsis typically involves [[antibiotic]] therapy, often with a combination of drugs to cover a broad range of potential pathogens. Supportive care, including [[intravenous fluids]], [[oxygen therapy]], and [[mechanical ventilation]], may also be necessary. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Prevention of neonatal sepsis can involve a variety of strategies, including [[infection control]] measures in the hospital, [[vaccination]] of pregnant women, and [[prophylactic]] antibiotic treatment for high-risk infants. | Prevention of neonatal sepsis can involve a variety of strategies, including [[infection control]] measures in the hospital, [[vaccination]] of pregnant women, and [[prophylactic]] antibiotic treatment for high-risk infants. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Sepsis]] | * [[Sepsis]] | ||
* [[Neonatology]] | * [[Neonatology]] | ||
* [[Pediatric infectious disease]] | * [[Pediatric infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Neonatology]] | [[Category:Neonatology]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:27, 4 April 2025
| Neonatal sepsis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Sepsis neonatorum |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, hypothermia, lethargy, poor feeding, respiratory distress |
| Complications | Septic shock, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome |
| Onset | Within the first 28 days of life |
| Duration | Varies, depending on treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Bacterial infection, viral infection, fungal infection |
| Risks | Premature birth, low birth weight, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal infection |
| Diagnosis | Blood culture, complete blood count, C-reactive protein |
| Differential diagnosis | Meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection |
| Prevention | Maternal screening, antibiotic prophylaxis |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies, can be serious if not treated promptly |
| Frequency | 1 to 8 per 1000 live births |
| Deaths | N/A |
Neonatal sepsis is a type of neonatal infection that occurs in an infant less than 28 days old. It is a systemic infection that can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated promptly and effectively.
Causes[edit]
Neonatal sepsis can be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common bacterial causes include Group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. Viral causes can include herpes simplex virus and enterovirus, while fungal causes are typically due to Candida species.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of neonatal sepsis can vary widely and may include fever, hypothermia, apnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, jaundice, and seizures. Infants may also exhibit feeding difficulties, lethargy, and irritability.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. These tests may include blood culture, complete blood count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels. Imaging studies such as chest X-ray or ultrasound may also be used.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for neonatal sepsis typically involves antibiotic therapy, often with a combination of drugs to cover a broad range of potential pathogens. Supportive care, including intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation, may also be necessary.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of neonatal sepsis can involve a variety of strategies, including infection control measures in the hospital, vaccination of pregnant women, and prophylactic antibiotic treatment for high-risk infants.
