Intravenous fluids
Intravenous fluids (pronounced: in-tra-vee-nus fluids), also known as IV fluids, are liquids administered directly into the bloodstream via a vein. The term "intravenous" comes from the Latin words "intra," meaning "within," and "vena," meaning "vein."
Definition
Intravenous fluids are fluids that are intended to be administered parenterally (i.e., outside the digestive tract) directly into the venous circulation. These fluids are sterile solutions containing one or more crystalloids that may be classified as isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic.
Types of Intravenous Fluids
There are two main types of intravenous fluids: Crystalloid solutions and Colloid solutions. Crystalloid solutions contain small molecules that flow easily across semi-permeable membranes, while colloid solutions contain larger molecules that do not.
Crystalloid Solutions
Crystalloid solutions are typically used for fluid resuscitation, maintenance fluids, and replacement fluids. They are divided into isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Examples include Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride), Lactated Ringer's solution, and Dextrose 5% in water (D5W).
Colloid Solutions
Colloid solutions contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; these solutions are used for plasma volume expansion. Examples include Albumin, Hydroxyethyl starches (HES), and Gelatins.
Uses
Intravenous fluids are used in a variety of medical situations, including dehydration, shock, surgery, and severe blood loss. They can deliver nutrients, medication, and replace lost body fluids.
Risks and Complications
While intravenous fluids are generally safe, they can cause complications, including Fluid overload, Electrolyte imbalance, and Infection.
See Also
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