Shock (circulatory)

Shock (pronounced: /ʃɒk/), in the context of circulation, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

Etymology

The term "shock" is derived from the French word "choc", which means a violent blow. In the medical context, it was first used in the 18th century to describe the impact of a severe physical injury on the body's organs.

Definition

Shock is defined as a state of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen consumption, or inadequate oxygen utilization. It is characterized by the failure of the circulatory system to supply adequate blood flow to the body's tissues and organs, leading to a state of generalized hypoperfusion.

Types of Shock

There are several types of shock, each with different causes and treatments. These include:

Cardiogenic shock: Caused by the failure of the heart to pump effectively.
Hypovolemic shock: Caused by severe blood or fluid loss.
Septic shock: Caused by a severe infection that leads to a systemic inflammatory response.
Anaphylactic shock: Caused by a severe allergic reaction.
Neurogenic shock: Caused by damage to the nervous system.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of shock include cold and sweaty skin, irregular heart rate, rapid breathing, weakness, dilated pupils, and, in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

Treatment

Treatment of shock involves addressing the underlying cause and restoring blood flow to the tissues. This may involve fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, medications to improve heart function, and, in some cases, surgery.

Related Terms

Hypotension: Abnormally low blood pressure.
Hypoxia: Lack of adequate oxygen supply to the tissues.
Perfusion: The passage of fluid through the circulatory system to an organ or a tissue.
Resuscitation: The act of reviving someone from unconsciousness or apparent death.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Shock (circulatory)
Wikipedia's article - Shock (circulatory)

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Shock (circulatory)