Syncope

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Syncope (medicine)

Syncope (pronounced sin-ko-pee) is a medical term for fainting or a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness generally caused by insufficient oxygen in the brain. The term originates from the Greek word synkope, meaning "cutting off".

Causes

Syncope can be caused by various conditions, often related to the cardiovascular system or the nervous system. Some common causes include:

  • Orthostatic hypotension: A form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down.
  • Cardiac arrhythmia: Irregular heart rhythms can cause syncope if the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to the brain.
  • Vasovagal syncope: This is the most common type of syncope, often triggered by seeing blood, experiencing extreme emotional distress, or standing for long periods.

Symptoms

Before a person faints, they may experience several warning signs, such as:

  • Feeling lightheaded or dizzy
  • Yawning
  • Feeling sweaty or clammy
  • Nausea
  • Changes in vision, such as seeing spots or having tunnel vision

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of syncope involves a detailed medical history and physical examination. Tests may include:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical signals in your heart.
  • Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to produce images of your heart.
  • Tilt table test: This test helps determine how your body responds to changes in position.

Treatment

Treatment for syncope depends on the underlying cause. It may include:

  • Medications: Certain drugs can be used to prevent syncope, especially in people with recurrent vasovagal syncope.
  • Pacemaker: If syncope is caused by a heart condition, a pacemaker may be needed.
  • Lifestyle changes: These may include avoiding triggers, such as standing for long periods or becoming dehydrated.

See also

External links

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