Pharyngeal cancer
Pharyngeal Cancer
Pharyngeal cancer (/fəˈrɪndʒəl ˈkænsər/) is a type of cancer that develops in the pharynx (the hollow tube that runs from behind your nose to the top of your windpipe).
Etymology
The term "Pharyngeal" is derived from the Greek word "pharynx" meaning "throat" and the Latin word "cancer" meaning "crab or creeping ulcer".
Types
Pharyngeal cancer is categorized into three main types based on its location in the pharynx:
- Nasopharyngeal Cancer: This type of cancer begins in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose.
- Oropharyngeal Cancer: This type of cancer begins in the oropharynx, the middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue and tonsils.
- Hypopharyngeal Cancer: This type of cancer begins in the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx), the lower part of the throat.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of pharyngeal cancer include a sore throat, a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice. However, these symptoms can also be caused by conditions other than cancer.
Causes and Risk Factors
Pharyngeal cancer occurs when cells in the pharynx develop mutations in their DNA. The mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably and continue living after healthy cells would normally die. Over time, these abnormal cells can form a tumor in the pharynx.
Risk factors for pharyngeal cancer include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer typically involves a physical examination, review of the patient's medical history, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, biopsy, and imaging tests.
Treatment options for pharyngeal cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pharyngeal cancer
- Wikipedia's article - Pharyngeal cancer
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