Intestinal atresia

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Intestinal atresia
Illustration of duodenal atresia
Synonyms	Bowel atresia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Vomiting, abdominal distension, failure to pass meconium
Complications	Malnutrition, dehydration, sepsis
Onset	Neonatal
Duration	Chronic
Types	Duodenal atresia, jejunal atresia, ileal atresia
Causes	Congenital
Risks	Polyhydramnios, Down syndrome
Diagnosis	Prenatal ultrasound, X-ray, contrast enema
Differential diagnosis	Meconium ileus, Hirschsprung's disease
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgery
Medication	Intravenous fluids, antibiotics
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	1 in 5,000 live births
Deaths	N/A

Intestinal atresia is a medical condition that involves a complete closure of a portion of the intestine. This condition is congenital, meaning it is present at birth. The severity of the condition can vary, depending on the location and extent of the atresia.

Sites of small bowel atresia: duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Types of Intestinal Atresia

There are several types of intestinal atresia, each named for the part of the intestine that is affected. These include:

• Duodenal atresia - This type of atresia affects the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. It is the most common type of intestinal atresia.
• Jejunal atresia - This type affects the jejunum, which is the middle part of the small intestine.
• Ileal atresia - This type affects the ileum, which is the last part of the small intestine.
• Colonic atresia - This type affects the colon, which is part of the large intestine.

Causes

The exact cause of intestinal atresia is unknown. However, it is believed to occur when the blood supply to a portion of the intestine is cut off during fetal development. This can cause the affected portion of the intestine to die and be reabsorbed, leaving a gap or atresia.

Symptoms

The symptoms of intestinal atresia can vary, depending on the location and extent of the atresia. However, common symptoms include:

• Vomiting
• Abdominal distension
• Failure to pass meconium (the first stool)
• Bilious vomiting (vomiting green bile)

Diagnosis

Intestinal atresia can often be diagnosed before birth through a routine ultrasound. After birth, the diagnosis can be confirmed through a combination of physical examination, X-ray, and barium enema.

Treatment

The treatment for intestinal atresia is surgical. The goal of the surgery is to remove the atresia and reconnect the healthy portions of the intestine. In some cases, a temporary ostomy may be needed.

Prognosis

The prognosis for intestinal atresia can vary, depending on the location and extent of the atresia. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, most children with this condition can go on to lead normal, healthy lives.