Stoma (medicine)

Stoma (Medicine)

Introduction

In medical terms, a Stoma refers to an artificial opening created surgically on the body's surface to allow for the discharge of bodily wastes. Stomas are typically created as part of procedures like colostomies, ileostomies, or urostomies, most commonly in the treatment of diseases affecting the digestive or urinary systems.

Types of Stomas

There are several types of stomas, each serving a different function:

• Colostomy: Created from the colon (large intestine) to remove feces.
• Ileostomy: Formed from the ileum (the end of the small intestine) to bypass the large intestine.
• Urostomy: A diversion for urine away from a diseased or defective bladder.

Indications for Stoma Creation

Stoma formation is typically indicated for conditions such as:

• Bowel cancer.
• Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis).
• Bladder cancer.
• Congenital defects.
• Severe trauma or injury to the digestive or urinary tract.

Surgical Procedure

Stoma surgery involves the creation of an opening on the abdomen through which a section of the intestine or urinary tract is brought out. This external opening, or stoma, is then fitted with a pouch to collect waste.

File:Lilium stoma L.jpg

A colostomy pouch system attached to a stoma.

Living with a Stoma

Adjusting to life with a stoma can be challenging. It requires learning new skills for stoma care and management, which includes:

• Learning to fit and care for the stoma pouch system.
• Recognizing and addressing potential complications, such as skin irritation or infection.
• Dietary and lifestyle adjustments to accommodate the stoma.

Complications and Management

Complications can arise from stoma surgery, including skin irritation, stoma blockage, and hernias. Regular follow-up care and patient education are crucial for managing these issues.

Psychological Impact

The creation of a stoma can have significant psychological impacts, including issues with body image, self-esteem, and social interactions. Psychological support and counseling are important aspects of post-operative care.

See Also

• Surgery
• Digestive system
• Urology

External Links

• United Ostomy Associations of America
• NHS - Colostomy