VE-cadherin

VE-cadherin, also known as vascular endothelial cadherin or CDH5, is a type of cadherin protein that is specifically expressed in endothelial cells. It plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regulation of endothelial cell junctions, which are essential for the integrity and function of the vascular system.

Structure

VE-cadherin is a classical cadherin, which means it is a transmembrane protein that mediates cell-cell adhesion through calcium-dependent interactions. The protein consists of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail that interacts with the actin cytoskeleton via catenins.

Function

VE-cadherin is a key component of adherens junctions in endothelial cells. It is involved in the regulation of vascular permeability and the maintenance of the endothelial barrier. By forming homophilic interactions with VE-cadherin molecules on adjacent cells, it helps to maintain the structural integrity of blood vessels.

Role in Vascular Permeability

VE-cadherin is critical in controlling the passage of fluids and solutes across the endothelial barrier. Disruption of VE-cadherin interactions can lead to increased vascular permeability, which is a hallmark of inflammation and is involved in various pathological conditions such as edema and sepsis.

Angiogenesis

VE-cadherin is also involved in angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation. It regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival, which are essential steps in the formation of new blood vessels.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in VE-cadherin expression or function can contribute to various diseases. For example, reduced VE-cadherin expression is associated with increased tumor metastasis due to enhanced vascular permeability. Conversely, overexpression of VE-cadherin can lead to vascular malformations.

Research and Therapeutic Potential

VE-cadherin is a target for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Inhibitors of VE-cadherin function are being explored for their potential to prevent tumor metastasis and to treat diseases characterized by excessive vascular leakage.

Also see

• Cadherin
• Endothelial cell
• Adherens junction
• Angiogenesis
• Vascular permeability