Desmoglein
Desmoglein
Desmoglein (pronunciation: /dɛzˈmoʊɡliːn/) is a type of protein that is part of the cadherin protein family. It plays a crucial role in the formation of desmosomes, which are cell structures specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.
Etymology
The term "Desmoglein" is derived from the Greek words "desmos", which means "bond", and "glein", which means "glue". This reflects the protein's function as a "glue" that holds cells together.
Function
Desmoglein helps to maintain the structural integrity of epithelial cells, which line the surfaces of organs and structures throughout the body. It is particularly important in tissues that experience a lot of friction and shear stress, such as the skin and the heart.
There are four known types of desmoglein: Desmoglein 1, Desmoglein 2, Desmoglein 3, and Desmoglein 4. Each type is expressed in different tissues and at different stages of development.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the genes that encode desmoglein proteins can lead to a variety of skin and hair disorders. For example, mutations in the gene for desmoglein 1 can cause striate palmoplantar keratoderma, a condition characterized by thickened skin on the palms and soles.
In addition, autoantibodies against desmoglein proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus, a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases. In pemphigus, the immune system mistakenly attacks desmoglein proteins, disrupting the adhesion between skin cells and leading to the formation of blisters.
Related terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Desmoglein
- Wikipedia's article - Desmoglein
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