Bladder exstrophy: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Classical bladder exstrophy.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Ectopia vesicae in a man aged 23 years Wellcome L0062460.jpg|thumb]] Bladder Exstrophy | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Bladder exstrophy | |||
| image = [[File:Classical_bladder_exstrophy.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Classical bladder exstrophy in a newborn | |||
| field = [[Urology]], [[Pediatric surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Exstrophy of the bladder | |||
| symptoms = [[Urinary incontinence]], [[epispadias]], [[pelvic bone]] abnormalities | |||
| complications = [[Urinary tract infection]], [[renal failure]], [[infertility]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital disorder|Congenital]] | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic]] and [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = Family history, [[genetic syndromes]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Cloacal exstrophy]], [[epispadias]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical reconstruction]], [[urinary diversion]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 live births | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Classical bladder exstrophy.jpg|left|thumb]] [[File:Ectopia vesicae in a man aged 23 years Wellcome L0062460.jpg|left|thumb]] Bladder Exstrophy | |||
Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly that involves the protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the lower abdominal wall. This condition is part of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, which includes a spectrum of anomalies affecting the urinary tract, genitalia, and pelvic structures. | Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly that involves the protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the lower abdominal wall. This condition is part of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, which includes a spectrum of anomalies affecting the urinary tract, genitalia, and pelvic structures. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Bladder exstrophy occurs due to a failure in the closure of the infraumbilical midline structures during embryonic development. This results in the bladder being exposed outside the body, with the inner surface of the bladder visible externally. The condition is often associated with other anomalies such as epispadias, where the urethra does not develop properly, and a separation of the pubic symphysis. | Bladder exstrophy occurs due to a failure in the closure of the infraumbilical midline structures during embryonic development. This results in the bladder being exposed outside the body, with the inner surface of the bladder visible externally. The condition is often associated with other anomalies such as epispadias, where the urethra does not develop properly, and a separation of the pubic symphysis. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Bladder exstrophy is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 live births. It is more common in males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1. | Bladder exstrophy is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 live births. It is more common in males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Infants with bladder exstrophy present with a visible defect in the lower abdominal wall, where the bladder mucosa is exposed. The umbilicus is typically low-set, and the genitalia may be malformed. In males, the penis is often short and broad with epispadias, while females may have a bifid clitoris and a short, wide vagina. | Infants with bladder exstrophy present with a visible defect in the lower abdominal wall, where the bladder mucosa is exposed. The umbilicus is typically low-set, and the genitalia may be malformed. In males, the penis is often short and broad with epispadias, while females may have a bifid clitoris and a short, wide vagina. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of bladder exstrophy is usually made at birth based on the characteristic physical findings. Prenatal ultrasound may suggest the diagnosis if there is an absence of a visible bladder and other associated findings such as a low-set umbilicus and abnormal genitalia. | Diagnosis of bladder exstrophy is usually made at birth based on the characteristic physical findings. Prenatal ultrasound may suggest the diagnosis if there is an absence of a visible bladder and other associated findings such as a low-set umbilicus and abnormal genitalia. | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
The management of bladder exstrophy involves surgical correction, which is typically performed in stages. The initial surgery aims to close the bladder and abdominal wall, and subsequent procedures may address the reconstruction of the genitalia and urinary continence. Multidisciplinary care involving pediatric urologists, surgeons, and other specialists is essential for optimal outcomes. | The management of bladder exstrophy involves surgical correction, which is typically performed in stages. The initial surgery aims to close the bladder and abdominal wall, and subsequent procedures may address the reconstruction of the genitalia and urinary continence. Multidisciplinary care involving pediatric urologists, surgeons, and other specialists is essential for optimal outcomes. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With advances in surgical techniques, the prognosis for individuals with bladder exstrophy has improved significantly. Many patients achieve urinary continence and have normal renal function. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for complications such as urinary tract infections and renal impairment. | With advances in surgical techniques, the prognosis for individuals with bladder exstrophy has improved significantly. Many patients achieve urinary continence and have normal renal function. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for complications such as urinary tract infections and renal impairment. | ||
==Also see== | ==Also see== | ||
* [[Epispadias]] | * [[Epispadias]] | ||
| Line 26: | Line 38: | ||
* [[Pediatric urology]] | * [[Pediatric urology]] | ||
* [[Urinary tract reconstruction]] | * [[Urinary tract reconstruction]] | ||
{{Congenital disorders}} | {{Congenital disorders}} | ||
{{Urology}} | {{Urology}} | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:27, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Bladder exstrophy | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Exstrophy of the bladder |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Urinary incontinence, epispadias, pelvic bone abnormalities |
| Complications | Urinary tract infection, renal failure, infertility |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic and environmental factors |
| Risks | Family history, genetic syndromes |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Cloacal exstrophy, epispadias |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Surgical reconstruction, urinary diversion |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 live births |
| Deaths | N/A |
Bladder Exstrophy
Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly that involves the protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the lower abdominal wall. This condition is part of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, which includes a spectrum of anomalies affecting the urinary tract, genitalia, and pelvic structures.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Bladder exstrophy occurs due to a failure in the closure of the infraumbilical midline structures during embryonic development. This results in the bladder being exposed outside the body, with the inner surface of the bladder visible externally. The condition is often associated with other anomalies such as epispadias, where the urethra does not develop properly, and a separation of the pubic symphysis.
Epidemiology[edit]
Bladder exstrophy is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 live births. It is more common in males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Infants with bladder exstrophy present with a visible defect in the lower abdominal wall, where the bladder mucosa is exposed. The umbilicus is typically low-set, and the genitalia may be malformed. In males, the penis is often short and broad with epispadias, while females may have a bifid clitoris and a short, wide vagina.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of bladder exstrophy is usually made at birth based on the characteristic physical findings. Prenatal ultrasound may suggest the diagnosis if there is an absence of a visible bladder and other associated findings such as a low-set umbilicus and abnormal genitalia.
Management[edit]
The management of bladder exstrophy involves surgical correction, which is typically performed in stages. The initial surgery aims to close the bladder and abdominal wall, and subsequent procedures may address the reconstruction of the genitalia and urinary continence. Multidisciplinary care involving pediatric urologists, surgeons, and other specialists is essential for optimal outcomes.
Prognosis[edit]
With advances in surgical techniques, the prognosis for individuals with bladder exstrophy has improved significantly. Many patients achieve urinary continence and have normal renal function. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for complications such as urinary tract infections and renal impairment.
Also see[edit]
| Congenital Disorders | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This congenital disorder related article is a stub.
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| Urology | ||||||||||
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