Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone (dex" a meth' a sone) is a synthetic, long-acting glucocorticoid that is used parenterally as therapy for severe hypersensitivity reactions, shock, and control of severe inflammation. It is also used in topical, otic, ophthalmologic solutions, aerosols, and lotions or creams for local therapy of allergic reactions and inflammation.

File:Dexamethasone structure.svg

Dexamethasone

Dosage and Administration

Dexamethasone is available in multiple forms for injection under various generic and trade names, including Decadron. Dexamethasone is 25 times more potent than cortisol in its glucocorticoid activity but has minimal mineralocorticoid activity.

Forms and Strengths

Dexamethasone comes in various forms, including:

• Injection
• Topical cream or ointment
• Otic solution (ear drops)
• Ophthalmologic solution (eye drops)
• Aerosols (inhaled)
• Lotion

Dosage

The dosage of Dexamethasone depends on the condition being treated and the individual patient's response. Doses should be individualized and carefully adjusted according to the patient's needs.

General Guidelines

• For parenteral use, doses range from 0.5 to 9 mg/day, depending on the severity of the condition.
• For topical use, creams and ointments should be applied thinly and evenly to the affected area 1-2 times daily or as directed by a healthcare professional.
• For otic use, the usual dose is 3-4 drops in the affected ear(s) 2-4 times daily.
• For ophthalmologic use, the usual dose is 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) 4-6 times daily.
• For aerosol use, follow the specific directions provided by the healthcare professional or on the prescription label.

Precautions

Dexamethasone should be used with caution in patients with:

• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypertension
• Osteoporosis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Glaucoma
• Cataracts

Long-term use of Dexamethasone may lead to Cushing's syndrome, characterized by central obesity, moon face, hypertension, and diabetes. It may also cause adrenal suppression, so it is crucial to taper the dose gradually when discontinuing treatment.

Side Effects

Possible side effects of Dexamethasone include:

• Fluid retention
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Hypertension
• Hyperglycemia
• Gastrointestinal disturbances
• Muscle weakness
• Mood changes
• Cataracts
• Glaucoma

If you experience any severe or persistent side effects while using Dexamethasone, contact your healthcare professional immediately.

• Dailymed label info on Dexamethasone
• FDA Dexamethasone

• Dexamethasone structure
  Dexamethasone structure
• Dexamethasone 3D ball model
  Dexamethasone 3D ball model