Corticosterone

Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, including amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, corticosterone is a principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel, immune reactions, and stress responses.

Production and Function

Corticosterone is produced in the adrenal cortex. The production of this hormone is stimulated by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is released by the pituitary gland. Corticosterone is involved in the response to stress, immune response, and regulation of metabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavioral responses.

Role in Stress Response

In response to stress, the body produces higher levels of corticosterone. This hormone works to suppress the immune system, increase blood sugar, and metabolize fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It also decreases bone formation. These actions provide the body with the energy necessary to deal with stress. However, prolonged exposure to high levels of corticosterone can damage the brain and lead to depression and other mental health disorders.

Role in Immune Response

Corticosterone also plays a role in the body's immune response. It suppresses the immune system, reducing inflammation and other immune responses. This can be beneficial in the short term, helping to prevent overreactions of the immune system. However, long-term suppression of the immune system can increase the risk of infection and disease.

Role in Metabolism

Corticosterone helps to regulate the body's metabolism. It promotes the breakdown of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, providing the body with energy. It also helps to maintain blood electrolyte levels, ensuring the proper functioning of the body's cells.

Behavioral Effects

Corticosterone can also affect behavior. High levels of this hormone have been associated with increased anxiety and depression. It can also affect learning and memory.

See Also

• Adrenal gland
• Corticosteroid
• Stress (biology)
• Immune system
• Metabolism

• 
  Pathway of steroidogenesis
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  Structure of 11-Deoxycorticosterone
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  Structure of Aldosterone