Guanidinium chloride: Difference between revisions

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{{PAGENAME}} - the hydrochloride salt form of guanidine, a strong basic compound with parasympathomimetic activity. Guanidine hydrochloride enhances the release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse and potentiates acetylcholine actions on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. It also appears to slow the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes.
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Guanidinium chloride}}
{{med-stub}}
{{Infobox chemical
{{dictionary-stub2}}
| name = Guanidinium chloride
{{short-articles-ni}}
| image = Guanidinium chloride.png
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Structural formula of guanidinium chloride
| IUPAC_name = Guanidinium chloride
| other_names = Guanidine hydrochloride
| chemical_formula = CH<sub>6</sub>ClN<sub>3</sub>
| molar_mass = 95.53 g/mol
| appearance = White crystalline solid
| density = 1.354 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| melting_point = 182 °C
| solubility = Soluble in water
}}
 
'''Guanidinium chloride''' (also known as '''guanidine hydrochloride''') is a chemical compound with the formula CH<sub>6</sub>ClN<sub>3</sub>. It is the chloride salt of [[guanidine]].
 
==Structure and Properties==
Guanidinium chloride is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It is composed of the guanidinium cation (C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>) and the chloride anion (Cl<sup>-</sup>). The guanidinium ion is planar and exhibits resonance stabilization, which contributes to its stability.
 
===Chemical Properties===
Guanidinium chloride is a strong chaotropic agent, meaning it can disrupt the structure of [[water]] and [[protein]]s. It is often used in [[biochemistry]] to denature proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
 
==Applications==
Guanidinium chloride has several important applications in the field of [[biochemistry]] and [[molecular biology]].
 
===Protein Denaturation===
One of the primary uses of guanidinium chloride is in the denaturation of proteins. It is commonly used in [[protein purification]] protocols to unfold proteins, allowing for the removal of contaminants and the study of protein folding and stability.
 
===RNA Isolation===
Guanidinium chloride is also used in the isolation of [[RNA]]. It helps to lyse cells and inactivate [[RNase]] enzymes, which are responsible for degrading RNA. This makes it a crucial component in RNA extraction protocols.
 
===DNA Extraction===
In addition to RNA isolation, guanidinium chloride is used in [[DNA extraction]] procedures. It helps to solubilize cellular components and protect nucleic acids from degradation.
 
==Safety and Handling==
Guanidinium chloride should be handled with care, as it can be harmful if ingested or inhaled. It may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be worn when handling this compound.
 
==See Also==
* [[Guanidine]]
* [[Protein denaturation]]
* [[RNA isolation]]
* [[DNA extraction]]
 
==External Links==
* [Guanidinium chloride on PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Guanidinium-chloride)
* [Guanidinium chloride safety data sheet]
 
{{Chemical compounds}}
{{Biochemistry}}
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Protein methods]]
[[Category:RNA]]
[[Category:DNA]]

Latest revision as of 21:30, 1 January 2025


Guanidinium chloride
Guanidinium chloride.png
Structural formula of guanidinium chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider ID
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Properties
Chemical Formula
Molar Mass 95.53 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid
Density 1.354 g/cm3
Melting Point 182 °C
Boiling Point
Hazards
GHS Pictograms [[File:|50px]]
GHS Signal Word
GHS Hazard Statements
NFPA 704 [[File:|50px]]
References

Guanidinium chloride (also known as guanidine hydrochloride) is a chemical compound with the formula CH6ClN3. It is the chloride salt of guanidine.

Structure and Properties[edit]

Guanidinium chloride is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It is composed of the guanidinium cation (C(NH2)3+) and the chloride anion (Cl-). The guanidinium ion is planar and exhibits resonance stabilization, which contributes to its stability.

Chemical Properties[edit]

Guanidinium chloride is a strong chaotropic agent, meaning it can disrupt the structure of water and proteins. It is often used in biochemistry to denature proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.

Applications[edit]

Guanidinium chloride has several important applications in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology.

Protein Denaturation[edit]

One of the primary uses of guanidinium chloride is in the denaturation of proteins. It is commonly used in protein purification protocols to unfold proteins, allowing for the removal of contaminants and the study of protein folding and stability.

RNA Isolation[edit]

Guanidinium chloride is also used in the isolation of RNA. It helps to lyse cells and inactivate RNase enzymes, which are responsible for degrading RNA. This makes it a crucial component in RNA extraction protocols.

DNA Extraction[edit]

In addition to RNA isolation, guanidinium chloride is used in DNA extraction procedures. It helps to solubilize cellular components and protect nucleic acids from degradation.

Safety and Handling[edit]

Guanidinium chloride should be handled with care, as it can be harmful if ingested or inhaled. It may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be worn when handling this compound.

See Also[edit]

External Links[edit]



Chemical compounds
General
Types of compounds
Related topics
This chemical compound-related article is a stub.




Biochemistry
Foundations
Biomolecules
Metabolism
Cellular processes
Organisms and cells
This biochemistry related article is a stub.
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