DNA extraction
DNA Extraction
DNA extraction (pronunciation: /diː.eɪ.nə ɪkˈstrækʃən/) is a process of purifying DNA from sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods. The first isolation of DNA was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher. Currently, it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analyses.
Etymology
The term "DNA extraction" is derived from the words "Deoxyribonucleic Acid" and "Extraction". "Deoxyribonucleic Acid" (pronunciation: /diːˌɒksɪˌraɪbəʊnjuːˈkliːɪk ˈæsɪd/) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. "Extraction" (pronunciation: /ɪkˈstrækʃən/) refers to the process of removing or getting something out.
Process
The process of DNA extraction includes three steps: cell lysis, protein precipitation and DNA precipitation. In cell lysis, cells are broken open to release the DNA inside. In protein precipitation, chemicals are added that cause the proteins to precipitate out of the solution. In DNA precipitation, alcohol is added and the DNA precipitates out of the solution.
Related Terms
- Cell Lysis
- Protein Precipitation
- DNA Precipitation
- Molecular Biology
- Forensic Analyses
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA extraction
- Wikipedia's article - DNA extraction
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