Oxide

Oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of solid oxides, the result of elements being oxidized by the oxygen in air or in water. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al₂O₃ (called aluminium oxide) that protects the foil from further corrosion. Certain elements can form many different oxides, such as those of nitrogen.

Formation

Oxides are formed when oxygen reacts with another element. They can be produced during combustion, rusting, and by various other chemical reactions. For example, the reaction of oxygen and sodium produces sodium oxide.

Types of Oxides

Oxides can be classified into two types: Ionic Oxides and Covalent Oxides.

Ionic Oxides

Ionic oxides are formed when a metal reacts with oxygen. They are usually solid and have high melting and boiling points. Examples include sodium oxide (Na₂O) and magnesium oxide (MgO).

Covalent Oxides

Covalent oxides are formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen. They are usually gases, liquids or low melting point solids. Examples include carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂).

Uses of Oxides

Oxides have a wide range of uses in industry and everyday life. They are used in the manufacture of ceramics, glass, and cement, as well as in the production of metals and the purification of water.

See Also

• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Oxygen
• Chemical Reaction

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