Shock (circulatory): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Shock (circulatory) | |||
| image = [[File:US_Navy_120203-N-CD652-004_U.S._Naval_Hospital_Guantanamo_Bay_emergency_technician_(EMT)_trainees_work_with_Naval_Station_Guantanamo_Bay_firemen_to.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) training to respond to shock | |||
| field = [[Emergency medicine]] | |||
| synonyms = Circulatory shock | |||
| symptoms = [[Hypotension]], [[tachycardia]], [[altered mental status]], [[oliguria]], [[cold and clammy skin]] | |||
| complications = [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]], [[death]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Hypovolemia]], [[cardiogenic shock]], [[septic shock]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[neurogenic shock]] | |||
| risks = [[Trauma]], [[infection]], [[allergic reaction]], [[heart attack]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical assessment]], [[blood tests]], [[imaging]] | |||
| differential = [[Syncope]], [[seizure]], [[hypoglycemia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Intravenous fluids]], [[vasopressors]], [[oxygen therapy]], [[treat underlying cause]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in emergency settings | |||
}} | |||
In the realm of medicine, [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]] denotes a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation due to a failure of the circulatory system. This critical state results in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to meet the metabolic demands of body tissues and organs. | In the realm of medicine, [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]] denotes a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation due to a failure of the circulatory system. This critical state results in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to meet the metabolic demands of body tissues and organs. | ||
[[File:Shock-cell2.svg|thumb|Shock-cell2]] | [[File:Shock-cell2.svg|left|thumb|Shock-cell2]] | ||
=== Etiology === | === Etiology === | ||
The causes of shock are multifactorial and can be broadly classified into four categories: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive. | The causes of shock are multifactorial and can be broadly classified into four categories: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive. | ||
[[Hypovolemic shock]] occurs due to a significant loss of blood or fluid volume within the body. This could be a result of severe trauma, dehydration, or extensive burns. | [[Hypovolemic shock]] occurs due to a significant loss of blood or fluid volume within the body. This could be a result of severe trauma, dehydration, or extensive burns. | ||
[[Cardiogenic shock]] is the result of heart failure, where the heart's pumping action is impaired, leading to decreased cardiac output. This could arise from conditions such as myocardial infarction or severe heart failure. | [[Cardiogenic shock]] is the result of heart failure, where the heart's pumping action is impaired, leading to decreased cardiac output. This could arise from conditions such as myocardial infarction or severe heart failure. | ||
[[Distributive shock]] involves an inappropriate distribution of blood flow in the small blood vessels, commonly observed in conditions like [[sepsis]], anaphylaxis, and central nervous system injury. | [[Distributive shock]] involves an inappropriate distribution of blood flow in the small blood vessels, commonly observed in conditions like [[sepsis]], anaphylaxis, and central nervous system injury. | ||
[[Obstructive shock]], on the other hand, happens when a physical obstruction prevents the adequate flow of blood through the circulatory system. Pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade could lead to such circumstances. | [[Obstructive shock]], on the other hand, happens when a physical obstruction prevents the adequate flow of blood through the circulatory system. Pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade could lead to such circumstances. | ||
=== Symptoms and Signs === | === Symptoms and Signs === | ||
The common signs and symptoms of shock include hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), cold and clammy skin, altered mental status, oliguria (low urine output), and rapid breathing (tachypnea). | The common signs and symptoms of shock include hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), cold and clammy skin, altered mental status, oliguria (low urine output), and rapid breathing (tachypnea). | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
Diagnosis of shock involves a combination of clinical evaluation and various investigative modalities. The clinical history and physical examination provide crucial information about the possible cause of shock. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood count, blood chemistry, arterial blood gas analysis, and imaging modalities such as echocardiography or computed tomography (CT) scan could provide further insights. | Diagnosis of shock involves a combination of clinical evaluation and various investigative modalities. The clinical history and physical examination provide crucial information about the possible cause of shock. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood count, blood chemistry, arterial blood gas analysis, and imaging modalities such as echocardiography or computed tomography (CT) scan could provide further insights. | ||
=== Management === | === Management === | ||
The management of shock depends on the underlying cause but generally includes ensuring adequate oxygenation, restoring blood volume, and supporting organ function. In addition, specific treatments are needed to address the underlying cause of shock. | The management of shock depends on the underlying cause but generally includes ensuring adequate oxygenation, restoring blood volume, and supporting organ function. In addition, specific treatments are needed to address the underlying cause of shock. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Hypovolemic shock]] | * [[Hypovolemic shock]] | ||
* [[Cardiogenic shock]] | * [[Cardiogenic shock]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:18, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Shock (circulatory) | |
|---|---|
_trainees_work_with_Naval_Station_Guantanamo_Bay_firemen_to.jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | Circulatory shock |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hypotension, tachycardia, altered mental status, oliguria, cold and clammy skin |
| Complications | Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, death |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, anaphylaxis, neurogenic shock |
| Risks | Trauma, infection, allergic reaction, heart attack |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, blood tests, imaging |
| Differential diagnosis | Syncope, seizure, hypoglycemia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Intravenous fluids, vasopressors, oxygen therapy, treat underlying cause |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in emergency settings |
| Deaths | N/A |
In the realm of medicine, shock denotes a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation due to a failure of the circulatory system. This critical state results in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to meet the metabolic demands of body tissues and organs.
Etiology[edit]
The causes of shock are multifactorial and can be broadly classified into four categories: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive. Hypovolemic shock occurs due to a significant loss of blood or fluid volume within the body. This could be a result of severe trauma, dehydration, or extensive burns. Cardiogenic shock is the result of heart failure, where the heart's pumping action is impaired, leading to decreased cardiac output. This could arise from conditions such as myocardial infarction or severe heart failure. Distributive shock involves an inappropriate distribution of blood flow in the small blood vessels, commonly observed in conditions like sepsis, anaphylaxis, and central nervous system injury. Obstructive shock, on the other hand, happens when a physical obstruction prevents the adequate flow of blood through the circulatory system. Pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade could lead to such circumstances.
Symptoms and Signs[edit]
The common signs and symptoms of shock include hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), cold and clammy skin, altered mental status, oliguria (low urine output), and rapid breathing (tachypnea).
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of shock involves a combination of clinical evaluation and various investigative modalities. The clinical history and physical examination provide crucial information about the possible cause of shock. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood count, blood chemistry, arterial blood gas analysis, and imaging modalities such as echocardiography or computed tomography (CT) scan could provide further insights.
Management[edit]
The management of shock depends on the underlying cause but generally includes ensuring adequate oxygenation, restoring blood volume, and supporting organ function. In addition, specific treatments are needed to address the underlying cause of shock.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
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