Tropical sprue: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Tropical sprue | |||
| image = [[File:Tropical-sprue.webm]] | |||
| caption = Video overview of Tropical sprue | |||
| field = [[Gastroenterology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Diarrhea]], [[weight loss]], [[fatigue]], [[anemia]] | |||
| complications = [[Malabsorption]], [[nutritional deficiencies]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly infectious | |||
| risks = Living in or traveling to tropical regions | |||
| diagnosis = [[Endoscopy]], [[biopsy]], blood tests | |||
| differential = [[Celiac disease]], [[Whipple's disease]], [[Giardiasis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[folic acid]] supplementation | |||
| medication = [[Tetracycline]], [[Folic acid]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare outside tropical regions | |||
}} | |||
'''Other Names:''' Tropical enteropathy; Idiopathic tropical malabsorption syndrome | '''Other Names:''' Tropical enteropathy; Idiopathic tropical malabsorption syndrome | ||
Tropical sprue is a condition that occurs in people who live in or visit tropical areas for extended periods of time. It impairs nutrients from being absorbed from the intestines. | Tropical sprue is a condition that occurs in people who live in or visit tropical areas for extended periods of time. It impairs nutrients from being absorbed from the intestines. | ||
Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients. | Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients. | ||
== '''Causes''' == | == '''Causes''' == | ||
This disease is caused by damage to the lining of the [[small intestine]]. It comes from having too much of certain types of bacteria in the intestines. | This disease is caused by damage to the lining of the [[small intestine]]. It comes from having too much of certain types of bacteria in the intestines. | ||
'''Risk factors are:''' | '''Risk factors are:''' | ||
* Living in the tropics | * Living in the tropics | ||
* Long periods of travel to tropical destinations | * Long periods of travel to tropical destinations | ||
== '''Symptoms''' == | == '''Symptoms''' == | ||
Symptoms include: | Symptoms include: | ||
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* Weight loss | * Weight loss | ||
Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years after leaving the tropics. | Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years after leaving the tropics. | ||
== '''Diagnosis''' == | == '''Diagnosis''' == | ||
There is no clear marker or test that clearly diagnoses this problem. | There is no clear marker or test that clearly diagnoses this problem. | ||
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* Blood tests to measure [[iron]], [[folate]], [[vitamin B12]], or [[vitamin D]] | * Blood tests to measure [[iron]], [[folate]], [[vitamin B12]], or [[vitamin D]] | ||
* [[Complete blood count]] (CBC) | * [[Complete blood count]] (CBC) | ||
Tests that examine the small intestine may include: | Tests that examine the small intestine may include: | ||
* [[Enteroscopy]] | * [[Enteroscopy]] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 48: | ||
* [[Biopsy]] of the small intestine | * [[Biopsy]] of the small intestine | ||
* Upper GI series | * Upper GI series | ||
== '''Treatment''' == | == '''Treatment''' == | ||
Treatment begins with plenty of [[fluids]] and [[electrolytes]]. Replacement of folate, iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients may also be needed. Antibiotic therapy with [[tetracycline]] or Bactrim is typically given for 3 to 6 months. | Treatment begins with plenty of [[fluids]] and [[electrolytes]]. Replacement of folate, iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients may also be needed. Antibiotic therapy with [[tetracycline]] or Bactrim is typically given for 3 to 6 months. | ||
In most cases, oral tetracycline is not prescribed for children until after all the permanent teeth have come in. This medicine can permanently discolor teeth that are still forming. However, other antibiotics can be used. | In most cases, oral tetracycline is not prescribed for children until after all the permanent teeth have come in. This medicine can permanently discolor teeth that are still forming. However, other antibiotics can be used. | ||
== '''Prognosis''' == | == '''Prognosis''' == | ||
The outcome is good with treatment. | The outcome is good with treatment. | ||
'''Possible Complications''' | '''Possible Complications''' | ||
* Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common. | * Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 58: | ||
* Delay in the maturing of bones (skeletal maturation) | * Delay in the maturing of bones (skeletal maturation) | ||
* Growth failure | * Growth failure | ||
== '''Prevention''' == | == '''Prevention''' == | ||
Other than avoiding living in or traveling to tropical climates, there is no known prevention for tropical sprue. | Other than avoiding living in or traveling to tropical climates, there is no known prevention for tropical sprue. | ||
== '''Epidemiology''' == | == '''Epidemiology''' == | ||
Tropical sprue is common in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and India and southeast Asia. In the Caribbean, it appeared to be more common in Puerto Rico and Haiti. Epidemics in southern India have occurred. | Tropical sprue is common in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and India and southeast Asia. In the Caribbean, it appeared to be more common in Puerto Rico and Haiti. Epidemics in southern India have occurred. | ||
{{Gastroenterology}} | {{Gastroenterology}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tropical Sprue}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Tropical Sprue}} | ||
[[Category:Ailments of unknown cause]] | [[Category:Ailments of unknown cause]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:22, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Tropical sprue | |
|---|---|
| File:Tropical-sprue.webm | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, anemia |
| Complications | Malabsorption, nutritional deficiencies |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly infectious |
| Risks | Living in or traveling to tropical regions |
| Diagnosis | Endoscopy, biopsy, blood tests |
| Differential diagnosis | Celiac disease, Whipple's disease, Giardiasis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, folic acid supplementation |
| Medication | Tetracycline, Folic acid |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare outside tropical regions |
| Deaths | N/A |
Other Names: Tropical enteropathy; Idiopathic tropical malabsorption syndrome
Tropical sprue is a condition that occurs in people who live in or visit tropical areas for extended periods of time. It impairs nutrients from being absorbed from the intestines.
Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients.
Causes[edit]
This disease is caused by damage to the lining of the small intestine. It comes from having too much of certain types of bacteria in the intestines. Risk factors are:
- Living in the tropics
- Long periods of travel to tropical destinations
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms include:
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea, worse on a high-fat diet
- Excess gas (flatus)
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Leg swelling
- Weight loss
Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years after leaving the tropics.
Diagnosis[edit]
There is no clear marker or test that clearly diagnoses this problem. Certain tests help to confirm that poor absorption of nutrients is present:
- D-xylose is a lab test to see how well the intestines absorb a simple sugar
- Tests of the stool to see if fat is absorbed correctly
- Blood tests to measure iron, folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin D
- Complete blood count (CBC)
Tests that examine the small intestine may include:
- Enteroscopy
- Upper endoscopy
- Biopsy of the small intestine
- Upper GI series
Treatment[edit]
Treatment begins with plenty of fluids and electrolytes. Replacement of folate, iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients may also be needed. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline or Bactrim is typically given for 3 to 6 months. In most cases, oral tetracycline is not prescribed for children until after all the permanent teeth have come in. This medicine can permanently discolor teeth that are still forming. However, other antibiotics can be used.
Prognosis[edit]
The outcome is good with treatment. Possible Complications
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common.
In children, sprue leads to:
- Delay in the maturing of bones (skeletal maturation)
- Growth failure
Prevention[edit]
Other than avoiding living in or traveling to tropical climates, there is no known prevention for tropical sprue.
Epidemiology[edit]
Tropical sprue is common in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and India and southeast Asia. In the Caribbean, it appeared to be more common in Puerto Rico and Haiti. Epidemics in southern India have occurred.
| Health science - Medicine - Gastroenterology - edit |
|---|
| Diseases of the esophagus - stomach |
| Halitosis | Nausea | Vomiting | GERD | Achalasia | Esophageal cancer | Esophageal varices | Peptic ulcer | Abdominal pain | Stomach cancer | Functional dyspepsia | Gastroparesis |
| Diseases of the liver - pancreas - gallbladder - biliary tree |
| Hepatitis | Cirrhosis | NASH | PBC | PSC | Budd-Chiari | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Acute pancreatitis | Chronic pancreatitis | Pancreatic cancer | Gallstones | Cholecystitis |
| Diseases of the small intestine |
| Peptic ulcer | Intussusception | Malabsorption (e.g. Coeliac, lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, Whipple's) | Lymphoma |
| Diseases of the colon |
| Diarrhea | Appendicitis | Diverticulitis | Diverticulosis | IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) | IBS | Constipation | Colorectal cancer | Hirschsprung's | Pseudomembranous colitis |
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit]
Tropical sprue is a rare disease.
| Rare and genetic diseases | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rare diseases - Tropical sprue
|
