Campylobacter rectus

An overview of the bacterium Campylobacter rectus and its implications in human health.

Campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus is a species of Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria that is part of the genus Campylobacter. It is known for its role in periodontal disease and has been implicated in various systemic infections.

Taxonomy and Morphology

Campylobacter rectus belongs to the family Campylobacteraceae. It is characterized by its spiral shape and its ability to move via a single polar flagellum. The bacterium is microaerophilic, requiring reduced oxygen levels for optimal growth, and is typically found in the human oral cavity.

Pathogenicity

Campylobacter rectus is primarily associated with periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. It is considered a periodontal pathogen due to its ability to invade gingival tissues and elicit an immune response. The bacterium produces several virulence factors, including a cytotoxin that can damage host cells and a lipopolysaccharide that triggers inflammation.

Clinical Significance

In addition to its role in periodontal disease, Campylobacter rectus has been linked to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies suggest that the bacterium can enter the bloodstream and contribute to systemic inflammation, potentially exacerbating these conditions.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Campylobacter rectus infection typically involves microbiological culture and molecular techniques such as PCR to detect its presence in oral samples. Treatment often includes mechanical debridement of periodontal pockets and the use of antibiotics such as metronidazole or amoxicillin to reduce bacterial load.

Also see

• Periodontal disease
• Campylobacter
• Microaerophilic bacteria
• Oral microbiome