Skin flora

Skin flora refers to the microorganisms which reside on the skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon human skin from 19 phyla.

Overview

The total number of bacteria on an average human's skin has been estimated at 1 trillion. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. Skin flora is usually non-pathogenic, and either commensal (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a benefit). The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface, either by competing for nutrients, secreting chemicals against them, or stimulating the skin's immune system.

Types of Skin Flora

Skin flora can be divided into two types: transient and resident.

Transient flora are unable to multiply on the skin. They may be present for hours, days, or weeks before disappearing. They are often associated with skin diseases or infections.

Resident flora are constantly present on the skin. They are usually harmless and can even be beneficial to their host.

Factors Affecting Skin Flora

Several factors can affect the composition and diversity of skin flora. These include age, personal hygiene, environmental factors (such as humidity and temperature), and the use of antibiotics or other drugs.

Role in Disease

While most skin flora are harmless or beneficial, some can cause disease under certain conditions. For example, Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections if it enters the body through a cut or scrape.

See Also

• Microbiome
• Human microbiota
• Skin infection
• Staphylococcus aureus

References

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