Pilus
Pilus
Pilus (pronunciation: /ˈpaɪləs/), plural pili (pronunciation: /ˈpaɪlaɪ/), is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria. The term "pilus" is derived from the Latin word for "hair".
Etymology
The term "pilus" comes from the Latin word "pilus", which means "hair". This is a reference to the hair-like structure of the pilus.
Function
The primary function of pili is to attach bacteria to surfaces in their environment. Some pili, known as sex pili, are also involved in a process called bacterial conjugation, where they facilitate the transfer of DNA between bacteria.
Types of Pili
There are several types of pili, including:
- Fimbriae: These are short, thin, hair-like structures that enable bacteria to stick to surfaces.
- Sex pili: These are longer and thicker than fimbriae and are used in bacterial conjugation.
- Type IV pili: These are involved in a variety of functions, including twitching motility, DNA uptake, and cell adhesion.
Related Terms
- Bacterial conjugation: This is a process by which bacteria transfer genetic material to each other through direct contact.
- Fimbriae: These are short, thin, hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria.
- Type IV pili: These are a type of pili involved in a variety of functions.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pilus
- Wikipedia's article - Pilus
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